Perception of kin Flashcards
2 reasons Genetic relatedness biologically important
inbreeding depression (inbreeding avoidance
Helping kin (kin-directed altrusim
Consanguinity
Sharing common ancestors
Inferring kin-ship for sure
Giving birth
DNA tests
Animals infering kinship
Imprinting
Humans inferring kin-ship
Explicit knowledge
mechanisms
Two kin recognition mechanism heuristics
Familiarity (growing up together)
Similarity ( Share features)
Familiarity
Westermarck- early life co-residence leads to sexual aversion
Lieberman et al - Maternal perinatal association older siblings detect younger by observing pregnant mother
Study of MPA and co-residence
MPA- higher altruism and moral opposition to incest (regardless of co-residence)
longer co-residence- higher altruism and opposition to incest
Family stability argument
Co-residence duration linked to stability
moral opposition to incest only predicted by duration with opposite sex
Kinship heuristic errors
Minor marriage- children live with ‘spouse’ show lower fertility and more likely to sperate
siblings separated at birth more likely to have sexual relations
Similarity in animals
Phenotype matching (Hauber and Sherman)
Facial Similarity
Lewis- stronger facial resemblance report higher levels of altruism
Tifferet et al - higher perceived resemblance leads to increased emotional closeness and and investment ( Emotional closeness mediates association)
DeBruine facial resemblance heighten both pro-social feelings and sexual aversion in short term relationships
Similarity study
DeBruine- ppts photos morphed into other sex
self-resembling were seen as more trustworthy but less short term attractive
Paternity uncertainty and resemblance cues
greater investment, higher quality relationships and lower spousal conflict
Hypothetical adoption study
ppts photo morphed with child. favour adopting look alike child
conflict on whether affect on male more or both genders equally.
less effected due to self morph vs family morph?
Attitude similarity
attuites partly heritable
more similar associated with family and predicts willingness to help stranger
Shared name similarity
Received email from stranger
unique shared name lead to more info shared.
increase sharing for unique last names and common first names
Kin terms evoke familial feelings
Organisations using familial words such as priest being father
Friendship and kinship
women treat friends as family showing greater disgust at thought of having sex and more altruistic
Costs of errors
Better to have false positive and void mating then false negative and risk inbreeding
more stronger in women as more costly for them
Positive sexual imprinting
Freud-sexual attraction to kin
Fraley and Marks-avoid due to cultural incest taboo
When shown image of opposite sex parent rate next person as more attractive
Against Positive sexual imprinting
Pinker- Freud found mother attractive as had more intimacy with wet nurse
Study may seen next person more attractive due to contrast
Paternity uncertainty with other kin
Most certain- mothers mother and mothers sisters children
least certain fathers father and fathers brothers children
certainty of relatedness effect grandparents investment and emotional closeness
Proximate and ultimate of inbreeding
proximate- heuristic
Ultimate- inbreeding avoidance
domain of incest-avoidance mechanisms
Specific
Kin selection theory
Chose to help kin based on how closely related they are to us
General kin prototype / self-referent phenotype matching
evolved heuristics where we treat someone as kin if the resemble familiar kin / us
