Perception of kin

Question 1

2 reasons Genetic relatedness biologically important

Answer 1

inbreeding depression (inbreeding avoidance
Helping kin (kin-directed altrusim

Question 2

Consanguinity

Answer 2

Sharing common ancestors

Question 3

Inferring kin-ship for sure

Answer 3

Giving birth
DNA tests

Question 4

Animals infering kinship

Answer 4

Imprinting

Question 5

Humans inferring kin-ship

Answer 5

Explicit knowledge
mechanisms

Question 6

Two kin recognition mechanism heuristics

Answer 6

Familiarity (growing up together)
Similarity ( Share features)

Question 7

Familiarity

Answer 7

Westermarck- early life co-residence leads to sexual aversion
Lieberman et al - Maternal perinatal association older siblings detect younger by observing pregnant mother

Question 8

Study of MPA and co-residence

Answer 8

MPA- higher altruism and moral opposition to incest (regardless of co-residence)
longer co-residence- higher altruism and opposition to incest

Question 9

Family stability argument

Answer 9

Co-residence duration linked to stability
moral opposition to incest only predicted by duration with opposite sex

Question 10

Kinship heuristic errors

Answer 10

Minor marriage- children live with ‘spouse’ show lower fertility and more likely to sperate
siblings separated at birth more likely to have sexual relations

Question 11

Similarity in animals

Answer 11

Phenotype matching (Hauber and Sherman)

Question 12

Facial Similarity

Answer 12

Lewis- stronger facial resemblance report higher levels of altruism
Tifferet et al - higher perceived resemblance leads to increased emotional closeness and and investment ( Emotional closeness mediates association)
DeBruine facial resemblance heighten both pro-social feelings and sexual aversion in short term relationships

Question 13

Similarity study

Answer 13

DeBruine- ppts photos morphed into other sex
self-resembling were seen as more trustworthy but less short term attractive

Question 14

Paternity uncertainty and resemblance cues

Answer 14

greater investment, higher quality relationships and lower spousal conflict

Question 15

Hypothetical adoption study

Answer 15

ppts photo morphed with child. favour adopting look alike child
conflict on whether affect on male more or both genders equally.
less effected due to self morph vs family morph?

Question 16

Attitude similarity

Answer 16

attuites partly heritable

more similar associated with family and predicts willingness to help stranger

Question 17

Shared name similarity

Answer 17

Received email from stranger
unique shared name lead to more info shared.
increase sharing for unique last names and common first names

Question 18

Kin terms evoke familial feelings

Answer 18

Organisations using familial words such as priest being father

Question 19

Friendship and kinship

Answer 19

women treat friends as family showing greater disgust at thought of having sex and more altruistic

Question 20

Costs of errors

Answer 20

Better to have false positive and void mating then false negative and risk inbreeding
more stronger in women as more costly for them

Question 21

Positive sexual imprinting

Answer 21

Freud-sexual attraction to kin
Fraley and Marks-avoid due to cultural incest taboo
When shown image of opposite sex parent rate next person as more attractive

Question 22

Against Positive sexual imprinting

Answer 22

Pinker- Freud found mother attractive as had more intimacy with wet nurse
Study may seen next person more attractive due to contrast

Question 23

Paternity uncertainty with other kin

Answer 23

Most certain- mothers mother and mothers sisters children
least certain fathers father and fathers brothers children
certainty of relatedness effect grandparents investment and emotional closeness

Question 24

Proximate and ultimate of inbreeding

Answer 24

proximate- heuristic
Ultimate- inbreeding avoidance

Question 25

domain of incest-avoidance mechanisms

Answer 25

Specific

Question 26

Kin selection theory

Answer 26

Chose to help kin based on how closely related they are to us

Question 27

General kin prototype / self-referent phenotype matching

Answer 27

evolved heuristics where we treat someone as kin if the resemble familiar kin / us