Facial expressions and emotion

Question 1

universality hypothesis

Answer 1

basic emotional states use same facial movements due to biological and evolutionally origins

Question 2

Evidence from easterners against facial universality

Answer 2

overlap of emotion categories
emotion intensity more in the eyes

Question 3

Affect

Answer 3

basic sense of unpleasant-pleasant and activation (arousal)

Question 4

Mood

Answer 4

long lasting patterns of feeling

Question 5

emotions

Answer 5

more specific construct of affective experiences or functional sate that regulates behaviours

Question 6

Why bother understand facial expressions

Answer 6

understand failure of social interaction (autism and depression)
build effective social robots

Question 7

Darwin’s three principles

Answer 7

serviceable habits- facial movements served adaptive functions
antithesis- anti-movements of facial expression mean opposite emotion
action of the nervous system

Question 8

Dewey and pragmatic actions

Answer 8

facial displays serve practical functions
facial movements primarily show action
social context

Question 9

Ekman basic emotion theory

Answer 9

expressive functions from natural selection
hard-wired for basic emotions
facial affect program - optimal mechanism
culture selects elicitors and impose display rules
nature and nurture - neo cultural theory

Question 10

Ekman cross-cultural study

Answer 10

emotions discrete categories
literate cultures could distinguish
pre-literate perform above chance but with more variability

Question 11

Criticism of Ekman’s cross-cultural study

Answer 11

forced-choice labelling
priming
ignoring context

Question 12

Facial expression measurement

Answer 12

anatomically based allow for objective coding

Question 13

automaticity of emotion expression

Answer 13

can trigger activation of muscles to make reflexive emotional expressions

Question 14

criticism of emotion-expression account

Answer 14

No exclusive relationship of emotional and facial movements
responsivity to others not included
ignores context

Question 15

cultural relativity remote studies

Answer 15

himba-not into univeral emotion categories
US-discrete categories

Question 16

Fridlund’s behavioural ecology theory

Answer 16

emotions about communication
social motives (behavioural intentions)
non mapping of displays to emotions
recipients evolutionary role in facial displays

Question 17

Hyper social

Answer 17

socially imaginative in private context so when thinking about others show facial reactions

Question 18

limits of motive communication

Answer 18

what social motives and when happen
excludes reflexes
mutual exclusivity?

Question 19

Data driven

Answer 19

signals align with theories. Show all possible facial expressions

Question 20

application to social robots

Answer 20

robot show all possible facial expression. sample in population going to be used in

Question 21

False positives and negatives

Answer 21

movements of face linking to certain emotions. Can help figure out reliability and specificity - work out predictions
x- weak correlational evidence

Question 22

other issues

Answer 22

ignore role of context
ignore individual differences such as autism and alexithymia