Facial expressions and emotion Flashcards
universality hypothesis
basic emotional states use same facial movements due to biological and evolutionally origins
Evidence from easterners against facial universality
overlap of emotion categories
emotion intensity more in the eyes
Affect
basic sense of unpleasant-pleasant and activation (arousal)
Mood
long lasting patterns of feeling
emotions
more specific construct of affective experiences or functional sate that regulates behaviours
Why bother understand facial expressions
understand failure of social interaction (autism and depression)
build effective social robots
Darwin’s three principles
serviceable habits- facial movements served adaptive functions
antithesis- anti-movements of facial expression mean opposite emotion
action of the nervous system
Dewey and pragmatic actions
facial displays serve practical functions
facial movements primarily show action
social context
Ekman basic emotion theory
expressive functions from natural selection
hard-wired for basic emotions
facial affect program - optimal mechanism
culture selects elicitors and impose display rules
nature and nurture - neo cultural theory
Ekman cross-cultural study
emotions discrete categories
literate cultures could distinguish
pre-literate perform above chance but with more variability
Criticism of Ekman’s cross-cultural study
forced-choice labelling
priming
ignoring context
Facial expression measurement
anatomically based allow for objective coding
automaticity of emotion expression
can trigger activation of muscles to make reflexive emotional expressions
criticism of emotion-expression account
No exclusive relationship of emotional and facial movements
responsivity to others not included
ignores context
cultural relativity remote studies
himba-not into univeral emotion categories
US-discrete categories
Fridlund’s behavioural ecology theory
emotions about communication
social motives (behavioural intentions)
non mapping of displays to emotions
recipients evolutionary role in facial displays
Hyper social
socially imaginative in private context so when thinking about others show facial reactions
limits of motive communication
what social motives and when happen
excludes reflexes
mutual exclusivity?
Data driven
signals align with theories. Show all possible facial expressions
application to social robots
robot show all possible facial expression. sample in population going to be used in
False positives and negatives
movements of face linking to certain emotions. Can help figure out reliability and specificity - work out predictions
x- weak correlational evidence
other issues
ignore role of context
ignore individual differences such as autism and alexithymia
