Self vs other processes - empathy and prosocial behaviour Flashcards
effort of young vs old study
Lockwood et al - older put in equal effort on grip for self and others where as younger put in more effort on self
Socioemotional-selectivity theory
people become more empathic as age becoming potential more prosocial
prosocial motivation
willing to exert effort to benefit another person
Things included in self-other control
imitation, theory of mind and empathising
common coding views
mirroring - same neural representation for self and others
potential conflict need self-other control to resolve
Simulation theory
understand others minds via a process of simulation with mirror neurons
mirror neurons
neuron that fires both when person acts and when observe same action in the F5 area
empathy
shared representations with an awareness of self-other as similar but separate through self-regulation
Broad view of empathy
empathy made up of 3 distinct categories - cognitive, affective (feelings) and motivational
Narrow view of empathy
empathy goes along with perspective taking and compassion
Vicarious pain study
Singer at al - fMRI study where couples would be cued whether they or there sig other would receive electric shock.
ACC and insula activated to self and others
this correlated with individual differences in empathy
evaluation of vicarious pain study shared representations
reverse inference and stranger vs sig others
Placebo analgesia study shared representations
based on idea that if feel less pain also reduce empathy of pain
told to put in hand machine as it “reduces” pain. - reduced pain response for self and others
Evidence against shared representations
patients with congenital insensitivity ( cant feel pain) still activate ACC and AI to others pain
Hyper-imitation in autism
have to show a congruent or incongruent response to lifting fingers - struggle to inhibit imitation a failure of self-other control
