SOCI 121 MCQs from Midterms 1 & 2 Flashcards
The belief and practice that heterosexuality is the only normal sexual orientation is:
A. Homophobia
B. Sexism
C. Conformity
D. Heteronormativity
D. Heteronormativity
A group who shares a common social status based on their economic position or relationship to the means of production are a:
A. Aggregate
B. Formal group
C. Class
D. Sector
C. Class
- The dispersion of a people from their original homeland is known as:
A. Cultural hybridity
B. Diaspora
C. Capital flight
D. Immigration
B. Diaspora
The process by which religion and the sacred gradually have less validity, influence, and significance in society and the lives of individuals is:
A. Disenchantment
B. Normalization
C. Secularization
D. Profanity
C. Secularization
Aging that occurs due to controllable factors like exercise and diet is:
A. Primary aging
B. Secondary aging
C. Natural aging
D. Environmental aging
B. Secondary aging
A theoretical approach that sees society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of individuals that make up that society is:
A. Neoliberalism
B. Critical sociology
C. Symbolic interactionism
D. Structural functionalism
D. Structural functionalism
A set of policies in which the state reduces its role in providing public services, regulating industry, redistributing wealth, and protecting the commons while advocating the use of free market mechanisms to regulate society is:
A. Neoliberalism
B. Mass consumerism
C. Welfare state
D. Capitalism
A. Neoliberalism
A situation in which everyone in a society has an equal chance to pursue economic or social rewards refers to an:
A. Equality of conditions
B. Equality of means
C. Equality of class
D. Equality of opportunity
D. Equality of opportunity
The tendency for people to define themselves in terms of the commodities they purchase refers to:
A. Fordism
B. McDonaldization
C. Postmodernism
D. Consumerism
D. Consumerism
Relatively egalitarian, small scale agricultural societies in which mothering is recognized as the central unifying structure are referenced as a(n):
A. Patriarchy
B. Anarchy
C. Monarchy
D. Matriarchy
D. Matriarchy
Deference and respect to one’s parents and ancestors in all things is known as:
A. Ritualism
B. Reverence
C. Filial piety
D. Senescence
C. Filial piety
A system of beliefs, values, and practices concerning what a person holds to be sacred or spiritually significant is:
A. Doctrine
B. Creed
C. Dedication
D. Religion
D. Religion
Societies based around the cultivation of plants are:
A. Horticultural societies
B. Pastoral societies
C. Agricultural societies
D. Vegan societies
A. Horticultural societies
Pre-established patterns of behaviour that people are expected to follow in specific social situations are:
A. Social norms
B. Social values
C. Social expectations
D. Social scripts
D. Social scripts
A type of definition that defines a phenomenon by what it does or how it functions in society is a(n):
A. Functional definition
B. Substantive definition
C. Family resemblance
D. Appropriation
A. Functional definition
When a person’s beliefs and ideology are in conflict with their best interests they have:
A. False consciousness
B. Dual consciousness
C. Class consciousness
D. Fake consciousness
A. False consciousness
A group that shares a specific identity apart from a parent culture, even as the members hold features in common with the parent culture are part of a:
A. Counterculture
B. Minority
C. Low culture
D. Subculture
D. Subculture
A sociological model of family that sees the progression of events as fluid rather than as occurring in strict stages is the:
A. Family stage
B. Family life course
C. Family schema
D. Life phase approach
B. Family life course
Serious acts of deviance about which there is near-unanimous public agreement is known as:
A. Consensus crime
B. Conflict crime
C. Hate crime
D. Corporate crime
A. Consensus crime
Societies characterized by a reliance on mechanized labour to create material goods are:
A. Mechanical societies
B. Modern societies
C. Industrial societies
D. Material societies
C. Industrial societies
The religion that believes in the divinity of nonhuman beings, like animals, plants, and objects of the natural world is:
A. Monotheism
B. New Age
C. Tokenism
D. Animism
D. Animism
The degree of honour or prestige one has in the eyes of others is their:
A. Class
B. Prestige
C. Status
D. Agency
C. Status
The deliberate imposition of one’s own cultural values on another culture is:
A. Multiculturalism
B. Cultural imperialism
C. Ethnocentrism
D. Dominant culture
B. Cultural imperialism
An ideological framework that states that there are only two possible sexes, male and female, and two possible genders, masculine and feminine is a:
A. Dominant gender schema
B. Gender ideology
C. Binary opposition
D. Heteronormativity
A. Dominant gender schema
Norms that are specified in explicit codes and enforced by government bodies are:
A. Formal norms
B. Laws
C. Codes
D. Scripts
B. Laws
A perspective in which male concerns, male attitudes, and male practices are presented as “normal” or define what is significant and valued in a culture is:
A. Sexism
B. Heteronormativity
C. Patriarchy
D. Androcentrism
D. Androcentrism
Detailed continuous training, control, observation, correction and rehabilitation of individuals to improve their capabilities is known as:
A. Panopticon
B. Risk management
C. Disciplinary social control
D. Total social control
C. Disciplinary social control
A system in which it is customary for a wife to live with (or near) her husband’s family is:
A. Patrilocal residence
B. Matrilocal residence
C. Patriarchy
D. Machismo
A. Patrilocal residence
Overarching narratives that give order, meaning and direction to a society are known as:
A. Dominant narratives
B. Grand narratives
C. Master narratives
D. Primary narratives
B. Grand narratives
The systematic study of death and dying is:
A. Ritology
B. Mortician
C. Funeral director
D. Thanatology
D. Thanatology
When people prepare for future life roles this is known as:
A. Anticipatory socialization
B. Rite of passage
C. Resocialization
D. Looking glass self
A. Anticipatory socialization
Internalized social norms that define what people should do when they occupy a social role in society refers to:
A. Socialization
B. Social expectation
C. Anticipatory socialization
D. Role expectation
B. Social expectation
Information based on systematic interpretations of meaning is:
A. Qualitative data
B. Quantitative data
C. Primary data
D. Subjective data
A. Qualitative data
(In a biological usage) the connection between human variations and the historical-geographical origins of an individual or group’s ancestors refers to someone’s:
A. Ancestry
B. Heritage
C. Descent
D. Kinship
A. Ancestry
The correlation between greater social inequality in a society and lower intergenerational mobility is known as:
A. Downward mobility
B. Great Gatsby Curve
C. Bell Curve
D. Social stratification
B. Great Gatsby Curve
A stratification system based on class structure and individual achievement is a:
A. Class system
B. Caste system
C. Meritocracy
D. Aristocracy
A. Class system
A social media condition created by algorithms that personalize or filter an individual’s online experience in which users encounter only information and opinions that align with and confirm their existing beliefs is:
A. Confirmation bias
B. Filter bubble
C. Echo chamber
D. Algorithmic bias
B. Filter bubble
A religion based on belief in a single deity is:
A. Monotheism
B. Paganism
C. Polytheism
D. Theology
A. Monotheism
An organization principle where group membership and advancement are based on merit as shown through proven and documented skills is referred to as:
A. Meritocracy
B. Achieved status
C. Social mobility
D. Class system
A. Meritocracy
A collection of people who exist in the same place at the same time, but who do not interact or share a sense of identity are a(n):
A. Collective
B. Category
C. Aggregate
D. Group
C. Aggregate
An explanation for why the Gods allow for suffering, misfortune, and injustice to occur is known as:
A. Belief
B. Creed
C. Dogma
D. Theodicy
D. Theodicy
The elevated feeling experienced by individuals when they come together as a group is known as:
A. Mob mentality
B. Social mobilization
C. Collective conscience
D. Collective effervescence
D. Collective effervescence
A group of people who have more power in a society than any of the subordinate groups is the:
A. In-group
B. Dominant group
C. Majority
D. Subaltern group
B. Dominant group
A household that includes at least one parent and child as well as other relatives like grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins is a(n):
A. Extended family
B. Blended family
C. Surrogate family
D. Attached family
A. Extended family
A hands-off leader who allows members of the group to make their own decisions is a:
A. Democratic leader
B. Charismatic leader
C. Authoritarian leader
D. Laissez-faire leader
D. Laissez-faire leader
A difference in income level between different members of the same generation refers to:
A. Intragenerational mobility
B. Intergenerational mobility
C. Structural mobility
D. Social mobility
A. Intragenerational mobility
The process wherein people come to understand societal norms and expectations, to accept society’s beliefs, and to be aware of societal values is:
A. Nurture
B. Socialization
C. Cultivation
D. Assimilation
B. Socialization
A form of colonialism focused on permanent settlement and corresponding displacement of Indigenous Peoples and societies is known as:
A. Exploitative colonialism
B. Settler colonialism
C. Internal colonialism
D. Neo colonialism
B. Settler colonialism
An arrangement of regular, predictable practices and behaviours on which society’s members base their daily lives and expectations is known as the:
A. Social order
B. Social standard
C. Social script
D. Law
A. Social order
The mediated environment of a society based on the circulation of media images, messages, news stories, and representations is referred to as our:
A. Mediascape
B. Public sphere
C. Public opinion
D. Mediation
A. Mediascape
Women (or other categories of individual) who break both laws and gender (or other) norms are considered:
A. Doubly dishonest
B. Doubly deviant
C. Secondary deviant
D. Double-faced
B. Doubly deviant
A society in which the sources of economic productivity and political power are based on new information technologies (e.g., micro-electronic computation, digital communications technologies, genetic engineering) and the generation, processing, and transformation of information is a:
A. Post-modern society
B. Information society
C. Digital society
D. Service society
B. Information society
A society historically based on colonization through foreign settlement and displacement of Indigenous inhabitants is a:
A. Multicultural society
B. Immigrant society
C. Settler society
D. Pioneer society
C. Settler society
A condition in which a multiplicity of religions and faiths co-exist in a given society:
A. Polytheism
B. Multiculturalism
C. Deism
D. Religious diversity
D. Religious diversity
A type of unilateral descent that follows either the father’s or the mother’s side exclusively is:
A. Ambilineal
B. Ambilical
C. Unilocal
D. Ancestry
A. Ambilineal
Cultural experiences, practices and products that are widely circulated, produced by or well-liked by “the people” refer to:
A. Mass culture
B. Popular culture
C. High culture
D. Mainstream culture
B. Popular culture
Departures from normal behaviour that are not illegal but are widely regarded as harmful refer to:
A. Misdemeanors
B. Social deviations
C. Social diversions
D. Deviations
B. Social deviations
The process by which a global dimension of social relations emerges and spreads refers to:
A. Globalization
B. Industrialization
C. Generalization
D. Global village
A. Globalization
The process whereby former colonies attain formal political self-determination and independence from colonial powers is:
A. Emancipation
B. Segregation
C. Liberation
D. Decolonization
D. Decolonization
A field of science that seeks to understand the process of aging and the challenges encountered as seniors grow older is:
A. Geriatrics
B. Gerontology
C. Archeology
D. Anthropology
B. Gerontology
The shared beliefs, morals, attitudes or mental life of a society is our:
A. Collective reality
B. Shared conscience
C. Effervescence
D. Collective conscience
D. Collective conscience
The physical separation of two groups, particularly in residence, but also in workplace and social functions is:
A. Segregation
B. Isolation
C. Separation
D. Apartheid
A. Segregation
The number of years a person is expected to live is their:
A. Life expectancy
B. Life course
C. Life cycle
D. Lifestyle
A. Life expectancy
The production of emotional qualities required as an aspect of paid labour is:
A. Emotion management
B. Front stage
C. Emotional labour
D. Dramaturgical labour
C. Emotional labour
Any group of people who are singled out from others for differential and unequal treatment is a:
A. Minority group
B. Subaltern group
C. Subordinate group
D. Model group
A. Minority group
Social solidarity or cohesion through a complex division of labour, mutual interdependence, and restitutive law is:
A. Organic solidarity
B. Mechanical solidarity
C. Modern solidarity
D. Collective consciousness
A. Organic solidarity
The ability to understand how personal problems of milieu relate to public issues of social structure is the:
A. Social constructivism
B. Macro-level perspective
C. Thomas theorem
D. Sociological imagination
D. Sociological imagination
Objects, states of being, or practices that are set apart and considered forbidden because of their connection to divine presence are termed:
A. Sacred
B. Profane
C. Holy
D. Divine
A. Sacred
The regulation and enforcement of norms is:
A. Social control
B. Formal control
C. Policing
D. Primary control
A. Social control
A term that refers to individuals who identify with the behaviours and characteristics that are the opposite of their biological sex (assigned at birth):
A. Intersex
B. Deviant
C. Non-binary
D. Transgender
D. Transgender
A prejudice in favour of a particular viewpoint in the selection of the events and stories that are reported and how they are covered is known as:
A. Diagnostic media
B. Media bias
C. Dominant media
D. Media sway
B. Media bias
The social process by which certain social groups are marked for unequal treatment based on perceived physiological differences is known as:
A. Othering
B. Racialization
C. Disenfranchisement
D. Discrimination
B. Racialization
Discrimination based on age is referred to as:
A. Favouritism
B. Ageism
C. Gerascophobia
D. Rhytiphobia
B. Ageism
The general tendency in modern society for all institutions and most areas of life to be transformed by the application of rationality and efficiency is:
A. Rationalization
B. Dehumanization
C. Bureaucratization
D. Postmodernism
A. Rationalization
The selection of individuals for greater surveillance, policing, or treatment on the basis of racialized characteristics is:
A. Panopticon
B. Criminalization
C. Policing
D. Racial profiling
D. Racial profiling
The state of being committed or married to more than one person at a time is known as:
A. Polyamory
B. Polygyny
C. Polyandry
D. Polygamy
D. Polygamy
The compounding effects of multiple determinants of social inequality is known as:
A. Discrimination
B. Marginalization
C. Social inequity
D. Intersectionality
D. Intersectionality
When a societal system has developed with an embedded disenfranchisement of a group, this is known as:
A. Systemic racism
B. Institutional racism
C. Colonialism
D. Ethnocentrism
B. Institutional racism
A theoretical perspective that focuses on inequality and power relations in society in order to achieve social justice and emancipation through their transformation refers to:
A. Critical sociology
B. Symbolic interactionism
C. Feminist theory
D. Positivist sociology
A. Critical sociology
The ability of a dominant group in society to secure consent to its rule by successfully presenting its own interests, values and norms as the common sense interests, values and norms of everybody is described as:
A. Total institutionalization
B. Dominant culture
C. Hegemony
D. Authoritarianism
C. Hegemony
Oversimplified ideas about groups of people are:
A. Prejudices
B. Generalizations
C. Stereotypes
D. Bias
C. Stereotypes
Forms of communication like newspapers, radio, television, social media platforms, that pass from a centralized location to the masses is:
A. Public media
B. Press
C. Mass media
D. News
C. Mass media
A behaviour that violates official law and is punishable through formal sanctions is seen as:
A. Deviance
B. Crime
C. Breaching experiment
D. Sociopathy
B. Crime
The recognition of cultural and racial diversity and of the equality of different cultures is referred to as:
A. Multiculturalism
B. Pluralism
C. Hybridity
D. Assimilation
A. Multiculturalism
A cohabiting man and woman who are married and have at least one biological child under the age of 18 are termed a:
A. Core family
B. Basic family
C. Nuclear family
D. Proper family
C. Nuclear family
A term that describes stigmatized minority groups who have no voice or representation on the world stage is the:
A. Fourth world
B. First world
C. Third world
D. West world
A. Fourth world
A time when children are only capable of imitation and have no ability to imagine how others see things they are in the:
A. Game stage
B. Mirror stage
C. Back stage
D. Preparatory stage
D. Preparatory stage
Norms based on social requirements which are based on the moral views and principles of a group are:
A. Folkways
B. Beliefs
C. Mores
D. Values
C. Mores
A state of poverty subjectively present when one’s actual income does not meet one’s expectations is known as:
A. Relative poverty
B. Subjective poverty
C. Absolute poverty
D. Perceived poverty
B. Subjective poverty
A scholarly discipline that questions fixed (normative) definitions of gender and sexuality is:
A. Sociology
B. Feminism
C. Queer theory
D. Crip theory
C. Queer theory
The deliberate annihilation of a targeted (usually subordinate) group has been termed:
A. Mass destruction
B. Assimilation
C. Eradication
D. Genocide
D. Genocide
In capitalism, the underclass of chronically unemployed or irregularly employed who are in and out of the workforce are referred to as:
A. Surplus humanity
B. Proletariat
C. Lower class
D. Lumpenproletariat
D. Lumpenproletariat
The principle that individuals must regulate instinctual drives for gratification according to the reality of the restrictions, rules and moral codes of the social order is the:
A. Abstinence principle
B. Reality principle
C. Pleasure principle
D. Conformity principle
B. Reality principle
The use of signs and symbols to stand in for referents: experiences, events, things, ideas, and people, for example, are:
A. Visualization
B. Images
C. Portrayals
D. Representations
D. Representations
A set of cultural conventions, instructions, or rules used to combine symbols to communicate or interpret meaning is a:
A. System
B. Language
C. Code
D. Script
C. Code
An authority able to filter, interpret, and explain media messages to an audience is a(n):
A. Influencer
B. Anchor
C. Commissioner
D. Mentor
A. Influencer
Large scale, societal patterns in people’s feelings or emotional responses towards things refers to the:
A. Structure of feeling
B. Emotional structure
C. Collective conscience
D. Grand narratives
A. Structure of feeling
A family that is formed through marriage is a:
A. Family of residence
B. Family of procreation
C. Chosen family
D. Stepfamily
B. Family of procreation
A concept that prohibits premarital sexual intercourse for women, but allows it for men is known as:
A. Double deviance
B. Double standard
C. Androcentrism
D. Sexism
B. Double standard
A level of material goods and comforts required to maintain a particular socio-economic lifestyle is:
A. Living wage
B. Minimum wage
C. Standard of living
D. Middle class
C. Standard of living
