Chapter 19 Flashcards
Discrimination against persons with disabilities or the unintended neglect of their needs
ableism
A social movement skeptical of the scientific basis and effectiveness of psychiatric treatment, which considers psychiatry to be based on a power relationship between doctor and patient and the institutional authority of the diagnostic process
anti-psychiatry movement
Feelings of worry and fearfulness that last for months at a time
anxiety disorders
A system of medical practice that defines health and illness in terms of the mechanics of the physical, biological systems of the human body
biomedicine
The relationships of power that emerge when the task of fostering and administering the life of the population becomes central to government
biopolitics
Ways of acting upon the self to transform the self to attain a certain mode of being (e.g., “health”)
care for the self
Non-communicable diseases like cancer, heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, and obesity, characterized by the slow onset of symptoms
chronic diseases
The transformation of health and health services into products that can be bought and sold in the marketplace
commodification of health
Illnesses that are questioned or considered questionable by some medical professionals
contested illnesses
The social process that normalizes “sick” behavior
demedicalization
An organic based pathology which can in principle be measured through clinical or laboratory procedures
disease
Any living agent that carries and transmits an infectious pathogen to another living organism
disease vector
An impairment in cognitive, developmental, physical, sensory, and mental abilities, compounded by social barriers that hinder full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others
disability
Detailed continuous training, control, observation, correction, and rehabilitation of individuals to improve their capabilities (or health)
disciplinary power
The long-term change in a population’s dominant health problems or profile from acute infectious diseases to chronic, degenerative diseases as societies go through the process of industrialization
epidemiologic transition
A model of power that separates deviants from “normals,” or the sick from the healthy, and abandons them outside the care of society
exclusion of the sick
Rule by old people
gerontocracy
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
health
The subjective experience of ‘not feeling well.’
illness
The physical limitations a less-able person faces
impairment
Communicable diseases caused by micro-organisms such as bacteria or viruses
infectious diseases
The physiological body, or what people are as physiological, neurological, and skeletal beings
Körper
The lived body, or the way in which the body experiences the world and is itself experienced from within
Leib
When a physician certifies that an illness is genuine
medical legitimation
A situation in which no one model of health practice can successfully claim to provide the definitive truth for how to attain health
medical pluralism
The systematic study of how humans manage issues of health and illness, disease and disorders, and health care for both the sick and the healthy
Medical Sociology
The process by which aspects of life that were considered bad or deviant are redefined as sickness and needing medical attention to remedy
medicalization
The process that changes “bad” behaviour into “sick” behavior
medicalization of deviance
A condition that makes it more difficult to cope with everyday life
mental disorder
A severe, lasting mental disorder that requires long-term treatment
mental illness
Long-term, debilitating illnesses like depression and bipolar disorder
mood disorders
Neurocognitive variation among the human species
neurodiversity
A socially defined standard measure which allows us to distinguish between what conforms to a rule and what does not
norm
A society organized around the definition of norms used to discipline bodies and regulate populations
normalizing society
Disorders that cause people to behave in ways that are seen as abnormal to society but seem normal to them
personality disorders
The study of social structures and processes based on a systematic description of the contents of subjective experience
phenomenology
Health insurance that is funded or provided by the government
public health care
The pattern of expectations that define appropriate behaviour for the sick and for those who take care of them
sick role
Interventions to treat or cure disabilities in order to reintegrate disabled persons into “normal” society
rehabilitation
A violation of social norms not covered by any specific behavioural expectation
residual deviance
Strategies to restructure the environment or context of problematic behaviour in order to minimize the risks to the general population
risk management
A framework that describes the social variables that influence health outcomes for individuals and populations
social determinants of health model
The study of the causes and distribution of diseases
social epidemiology
When stereotypes don’t change, they get recycled for application to a new subordinate group
stereotype interchangeability
A “mark” of difference that defines a socially undesirable characteristic
stigma
When someone’s identity is spoiled; they are labelled as different, discriminated against, and sometimes even shunned due to an illness or disability
stigmatization
When people are discriminated against because of illnesses and sufferers are looked down upon or even shunned by society
stigmatization of illness
A system that guarantees health care coverage for everyone
universal health care
A delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccines despite availability of vaccination services
vaccine hesitancy
