Chapter 18 Flashcards
Crowds of people who are focused on a specific action or goal
acting crowds
Social movements that limit themselves to self-improvement changes in individuals
alternative movements
A theory that credits individuals in crowds as behaving as rational thinkers and views crowds as engaging in purposeful behaviour and collective action
assembling perspective
People who share close proximity without really interacting
casual crowds
Concerted behaviour in which a number of people come together on the basis of a shared interest to achieve some common objective
collective action
A non-institutionalized activity in which several people voluntarily engage
collective behaviour
The shared meanings, symbols, concepts, categories and images of a social group or society
collective representations
People who come together for a regularly scheduled event
conventional crowds
A fairly large number of people sharing close proximity
crowd
Patents that are granted when someone has invented a new and original design for a manufactured product
design patents
When the social problem that concerns a social movement is stated in a clear, easily understood manner
diagnostic framing
The increasing gap between the technological haves and have-nots
digital divide
The sum of energy required for a finished product including the resource extraction, transportation, manufacturing, distribution, marketing, and disposal
embodied energy
A perspective that emphasizes the importance of social norms in crowd behaviour
emergent norm theory
A breakthrough in one form of technology that leads to a number of variations, from which a prototype emerges, followed by a period of slight adjustments to the technology, interrupted by a breakthrough
evolutionary model of technological change
Crowds that share opportunities to express emotions
expressive crowds
A large group of people who gather together in a spontaneous activity that lasts a limited amount of time
flash mob
A way or perspective in which experience is organized conceptually
frame
Using bridging, amplification, extension, and transformation as an ongoing and intentional means of recruiting participants to a movement
frame alignment process
Networks of social movement actors who collaborate across state borders to address shared global concerns
global social movements
The shared inter-subjective meanings and common understandings that form the backdrop of daily existence and communication
lifeworld
A relatively large group with a common interest, even if the group members may not interact or be in close proximity
mass
The cultural form of capitalist societies characterized by constant change and transformation
modernity
The process that increases the amount of specialization and differentiation of structure in societies
modernization
When the social problem that concerns a social movement is stated as a call to action
motivational framing
Theory that analyzes why the common features contemporary social movements are concerns with quality of life issues rather than traditional materialist issues
new social movement theory
When a technology company plans for a product to be obsolete or unable to be repaired
planned obsolescence
Patents that recognize the discovery of new plant types that can be asexually reproduced
plant patents
When social movements state a clear solution to their issue
prognostic framing
An unorganized, relatively diffuse group of people who interact and debate ideas
public
Movements that work to promote inner change or spiritual growth in individuals
redemptive movements
Movements that seek incremental change to the social structure
reform movements
Movements that seek to prevent or undo change to the social structure
resistance movements
Theory that explains social movements’ success in terms of their ability to acquire resources and mobilize individuals
resource mobilization theory
Movements that seek to completely change every aspect of society
revolutionary movements
Any significant alteration over time in behavior patterns, social relationships, institutions, cultural values and norms
social change
Movements of collective feeling, public expression and social creation that are in the process of emerging and not yet caught in a definite mould
social currents
A purposeful, organized group that works toward a common social goal
social movement
A collection of social movement organizations that are striving toward similar goal
social movement industry
A single social movement group
social movement organization
The collection of social movements in a society
social movement sector
The spread of technology across borders
technological diffusion
Lines of development of technological innovations which make advancements on previous iterations
technological lineage
An application of knowledge to solve problems in daily life
technology
Patents that are granted for the invention or discovery of any new and useful process, product, or machine
utility patents
A functionalist perspective theory that posits that several preconditions must be in place for collective behaviour to occur
value-added theory
The benefits people receive simply by being part of the dominant group of racialized “whites.”
White privilege
