Chapter 16 Flashcards
A global society in which digital platforms and their proprietary algorithms organize the social distribution of attention and information
algorithmic society
The process by which an audience receives and decodes media messages
audience reception
A quality of charismatic authority based on the perceived sincerity, “realness” or truth of their messages
authenticity
The influence of a form of communication on the organization of society
bias of communication
A set of instructions for how to assemble signifying elements into a message that communicates meaning and makes sense to an audience
code
The ability to locate oneself within a meaningful whole or mental map of the social world
cognitive mapping
The shared beliefs, morals, attitudes or mental life of a society
collective conscience
The meanings, symbols, concepts, categories, and images shared by a social collectivity
collective representations
The collection of media corporations and commercial enterprises that produce standardized cultural goods — films, radio programmes, TV, pop music, magazines, etc. — that are used to transform audiences into a mass of passive consumers
culture industry
The process whereby an audience actively interprets or deciphers the meaning of a media text or representation
decoding
The uneven access to technology around race, class, and geographic lines
digital divide
Computer mediated communication networks
digital media
The standpoint of a media audience member who interprets a media text in terms of the dominant or preferred meanings of society
dominant‐hegemonic position
A social media environment in which a person only see beliefs or opinions that align with their own, so that their existing views are reinforced or uncritically confirmed back to them and exposure to alternative ideas is inhibited
echo chamber
The process whereby events or raw reality depicted in a representation are turned into messages that convey specific cultural meanings
encoding
A social media condition created by algorithms that personalize or filter an individual’s online experience in which users encounter only information and opinions that align with and confirm their existing beliefs
filter bubble
The watchdog role of the professional news media that monitors the government of society by exposing excesses and corruption, and holding those in power accountable
fourth estate
The condtion in which members of a society no longer share a single, unified universe of meaning and understanding
fragmentation of knowledge
The sorting process by which thousands of possible messages are shaped into a mass media — appropriate form and reduced to a manageable amount
gatekeeping
Overarching narratives of that give order, meaning and direction to a society
grand narratives
A set of ideas that conceal, distort, or justify power relations in a society
ideology
The critical practice of revealing, analyzing, and challenging the underlying ideological assumptions of social discourses
ideology critique
An authority able to filter, interpret, and explain media messages to an audience
influencer
A form of social media marketing that involves product placements and endorsements from online personalities who use their social media following as a ready made and motivated market
influencer marketing
An information management system in which one component is not able to freely communicate or share information with another component
information silo
A society in which the sources of economic productivity and political power are based on new information technologies (e.g., micro-electronic computation, digital communications technologies, genetic engineering) and the generation, processing, and transformation of information
information society
The gap in information that develops through unequal access to digital technology
knowledge gap
The unrecognized or unintended consequences of a social process
latent functions
A large and disperse group, lacking self-awareness and self-identity, whose members are largely unknown to one another, and who are incapable of acting together in a concerted way to achieve objectives
mass
Forms of communication like newspapers, radio, television, social media platforms, that pass from from a centralized location to the masses
mass media
All print, digital, and electronic means of communication
media
A prejudice in favour of a particular viewpoint in the selection of the events and stories that are reported and how they are covered
media bias
The outcomes of a causal relationship between media content and audience behaviour
media effects
Mechanisms like ideology, sourcing, and flak in which media messages are crafted to present and support the interests of dominant groups in society
media filters
The mediated environment of a society based on the circulation of media images, messages, news stories, and representations
mediascape
A means or channel of communication
medium
When people are too overwhelmed with media input to really care about the issue, their involvement becomes defined by awareness instead of by action about the issue at hand
narcotizing dysfunction
The standpoint of a media audience member who interprets a media text in terms of the dominant or preferred meanings of society but makes exceptions to the dominant interpretation based on specific situations or local conditions
negotiated position
The combined economic activity of communication infrastructure companies, digital and traditional media, and internet application companies
network media economy
All interactive forms of information exchange
new media
The standpoint of a media audience member who interprets a media text by rejecting the dominant or preferred meanings of society and replacing them with a set of oppositional meanings or alternative frame of reference
oppositional position
A form of constant monitoring from centralized observation posts in which the the observed is never communicated with directly
panoptic surveillance
One-sided relationships between celebrities and audiences in which the celebrity remains unaware of their impact on fans, while fans dedicate significant time and energy in getting to know the celebrity
parasocial
A website or application that enables two or more individuals or groups to interact
platform
A form of capital accumulation in which value and competitive advantage are extracted from the data of platform users
platform capitalism
A framework for understanding the role of the media as means of manufacturing consent to the rule of powerful corporate interests
propaganda model
An open democratic space for public debate and deliberation
public sphere
The use of signs and symbols to stand in for referents: experiences, events, things, ideas, and people, for example
representations
The art of using language to persuade or influence others
rhetoric
The blurring of the boundaries between reality and representation through the creation, dissemination, and consumption of models of reality
simulation
The way in which an understanding of what is real is created through human interaction and communication with others
social construction of reality
The regulation and enforcement of norms
social control
An arrangement of regular, predictable practices and behaviours on which society’s members base their daily lives and expectations
social order
The degree to which a group of people cohere or are bound together through shared consciousness, qualities or social ties
social solidarity
Forms of communication using impermanent but easily transportable materials like paper or papyrus that are suited to transmission of messages over distances
space-biased media
A reconfiguration of space through digitally mediated linkages and continuous flows of information that bypass traditional geographical, state and institutional boundaries
space of flows
Oversimplified ideas about groups of people based on rigid generalizations
stereotypes
Forms of communication using durable materials like clay tablets, carved stone or pictographs that sustain a consistent message through time
time-biased media
The degree to which the sequencing of time into a clearly demarcated succession of past, present and future is eliminated through the use of instantaneous media communication technologies
timeless time
A communication model in which the effectiveness of the message is enabled by an influential intermediary between the sender of a message and the audience
two-step flow of information
An organization structure in which a corporation owns different businesses within the same chain of production and distribution
vertical integration
The quality of having the attributes of something without sharing its real or imagined physical form
virtuality
