All Cards FINAL SOCI 121 Flashcards
In-class Game
A delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccines despite availability of vaccination services
vaccine hesitancy
The process that changes “bad” behaviour into “sick” behavior
medicalization of deviance
A collection of social movement organizations that are striving toward similar goal
social movement industry
Any living agent that carries and transmits an infectious pathogen to another living organism
disease vector
A household that includes at least one parent and child as well as other relatives like grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins is a(n):
A. Extended family
The number of years a person is expected to live is their:
A. Life expectancy
The collection of social movements in a society
social movement sector
The movement of people into and out of an area
migration
The increasing gap between the technological haves and have-nots
digital divide
A form of colonialism focused on permanent settlement and corresponding displacement of Indigenous Peoples and societies is known as:
B. Settler colonialism
Non-communicable diseases like cancer, heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, and obesity, characterized by the slow onset of symptoms
chronic diseases
A city defined by its orientation to circuits of global consumption, the fragmentation of previously homogeneous cultures, and the emergence of multiple centres or cores
postmodern city
Norms that are specified in explicit codes and enforced by government bodies are:
B. Laws
When a physician certifies that an illness is genuine
medical legitimation
The social process in which civil society organizes itself for military action and the production of violence as a routine practice of everyday life
normalization of militarization
The elevated feeling experienced by individuals when they come together as a group is known as:
D. Collective effervescence
The belief and practice that heterosexuality is the only normal sexual orientation is:
D. Heteronormativity
A social media condition created by algorithms that personalize or filter an individual’s online experience in which users encounter only information and opinions that align with and confirm their existing beliefs is:
B. Filter bubble
The process wherein people come to understand societal norms and expectations, to accept society’s beliefs, and to be aware of societal values is:
B. Socialization
The sum of energy required for a finished product including the resource extraction, transportation, manufacturing, distribution, marketing, and disposal
embodied energy
The principle that individuals must regulate instinctual drives for gratification according to the reality of the restrictions, rules and moral codes of the social order is the:
B. Reality principle
A self-perpetuating system encompassing actors, materials, technologies, policies and practices that make up and reinforce private vehicle usage
automobility
The ability of a dominant group in society to secure consent to its rule by successfully presenting its own interests, values and norms as the common sense interests, values and norms of everybody is described as:
C. Hegemony
The use of signs and symbols to stand in for referents: experiences, events, things, ideas, and people, for example, are:
D. Representations
The relationships of power that emerge when the task of fostering and administering the life of the population becomes central to government
biopolitics
A city form based economically on corporate management and financial services
corporate city
Movements that seek incremental change to the social structure
reform movements
The religion that believes in the divinity of nonhuman beings, like animals, plants, and objects of the natural world is:
D. Animism
The study of the causes and distribution of diseases
social epidemiology
A system of beliefs, values, and practices concerning what a person holds to be sacred or spiritually significant is:
D. Religion
Movements of collective feeling, public expression and social creation that are in the process of emerging and not yet caught in a definite mould
social currents
Power legitimized on the basis of long-standing customs
traditional authority
A state of poverty subjectively present when one’s actual income does not meet one’s expectations is known as:
B. Subjective poverty
A purposeful, organized group that works toward a common social goal
social movement
The role of the state in securing social harmony and the consent of the public to be ruled
legitimation function
The general tendency in modern society for all institutions and most areas of life to be transformed by the application of rationality and efficiency is:
A. Rationalization
The process by which religion and the sacred gradually have less validity, influence, and significance in society and the lives of individuals is:
C. Secularization
A measure of the number of people who die
mortality rate
The physical limitations a less-able person faces
impairment
A collection of people who exist in the same place at the same time, but who do not interact or share a sense of identity are a(n):
C. Aggregate
A society organized around the definition of norms used to discipline bodies and regulate populations
normalizing society
The political principles and practice of social organization without formal or state leadership
anarchism
The subjective experience of ‘not feeling well.’
illness
The process by which a global dimension of social relations emerges and spreads refers to:
A. Globalization
The reinvestment of profit in order to increase private capital assets and future profits
capital accumulation
The process in which political messaging is subject to sophisticated controls, calculations, and communications strategies
political image management
A large group of people who gather together in a spontaneous activity that lasts a limited amount of time
flash mob
An ideological framework that states that there are only two possible sexes, male and female, and two possible genders, masculine and feminine is a:
A. Dominant gender schema
A large urban corridor that encompasses several cities and their surrounding suburbs and exurbs
megalopolis
A violent armed conflict between politically distinct groups
war
Health insurance that is funded or provided by the government
public health care
Social solidarity or cohesion through a complex division of labour, mutual interdependence, and restitutive law is:
A. Organic solidarity
A form of government in which a single person, or monarch, rules until that individual dies or abdicates the throne
monarchy
The communities surrounding cities, typically close enough for a daily commute
suburbs
Any significant alteration over time in behavior patterns, social relationships, institutions, cultural values and norms
social change
(In a biological usage) the connection between human variations and the historical-geographical origins of an individual or group’s ancestors refers to someone’s:
A. Ancestry
A functional perspective that looks at the relationship between people and their built and natural environment
human ecology
The shared meanings, symbols, concepts, categories and images of a social group or society
collective representations
A type of definition that defines a phenomenon by what it does or how it functions in society is a(n):
A. Functional definition
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
health
Violent military conflict in which there is a significant imbalance of technical and military means between combatants
asymmetrical warfare
A style of government which governs individuals through their exercise of freedom and free choice
neoliberalism
The transformation of health and health services into products that can be bought and sold in the marketplace
commodification of health
Theory that analyzes why the common features contemporary social movements are concerns with quality of life issues rather than traditional materialist issues
new social movement theory
Internalized social norms that define what people should do when they occupy a social role in society refers to:
B. Social expectation
An explanation for why the Gods allow for suffering, misfortune, and injustice to occur is known as:
D. Theodicy
Theoretical framework that describes human pressure on environmental systems as a product of capitalism, which prioritizes economic growth over social inequality and environmental protection
treadmill of production theory
A perspective that emphasizes the importance of social norms in crowd behaviour
emergent norm theory
The study of social structures and processes based on a systematic description of the contents of subjective experience
phenomenology
Strategies to restructure the environment or context of problematic behaviour in order to minimize the risks to the general population
risk management
A theory that credits individuals in crowds as behaving as rational thinkers and views crowds as engaging in purposeful behaviour and collective action
assembling perspective
When social movements state a clear solution to their issue
prognostic framing
A theoretical approach that sees society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of individuals that make up that society is:
D. Structural functionalism
The uncontrolled growth of urban areas with a low population density, high dependence on automobiles, and poor planning
sprawl
A framework that describes the social variables that influence health outcomes for individuals and populations
social determinants of health model
A government wherein citizens elect officials to represent their interests
representative democracy
Power legitimized on the basis of a leader’s exceptional personal qualities
charismatic authority
The movement of people out of an area to another place of permanent residence
emigration
People who share close proximity without really interacting
casual crowds
Disorders that cause people to behave in ways that are seen as abnormal to society but seem normal to them
personality disorders
Theory that explains social movements’ success in terms of their ability to acquire resources and mobilize individuals
resource mobilization theory
A sociological model of family that sees the progression of events as fluid rather than as occurring in strict stages is the:
B. Family life course
When a societal system has developed with an embedded disenfranchisement of a group, this is known as:
B. Institutional racism
A fairly large number of people sharing close proximity
crowd
A theoretical perspective that focuses on inequality and power relations in society in order to achieve social justice and emancipation through their transformation refers to:
A. Critical sociology
Illnesses that are questioned or considered questionable by some medical professionals
contested illnesses
A group of people who have more power in a society than any of the subordinate groups is the:
B. Dominant group
The process by which aspects of life that were considered bad or deviant are redefined as sickness and needing medical attention to remedy
medicalization
The use of violence on civilian populations and institutions to achieve political ends
terrorism
Movements that seek to prevent or undo change to the social structure
resistance movements
The tendency for people to define themselves in terms of the commodities they purchase refers to:
D. Consumerism
A family that is formed through marriage is a:
B. Family of procreation
The political form in which a single, central, supreme lawmaking authority governs within a clearly demarcated territory
sovereignty
Networks of social movement actors who collaborate across state borders to address shared global concerns
global social movements
Power that is legitimized by rules, regulations, and laws
rational-legal authority
A form of government in which decision making, even in matters of detail, is conducted through assemblies made up of all citizens
direct democracy
The system by which the world is divided up into separate and indivisible sovereign territories or states
sovereign state system
A theoretical goal in which the number of people entering a population through birth or immigration is equal to the number of people leaving it via death or emigration
zero population growth
A term that describes stigmatized minority groups who have no voice or representation on the world stage is the:
A. Fourth world
A single social movement group
social movement organization
(1) A geographically widespread organization of individual states, nations, and peoples that is ruled by a centralized government; (2) The contemporary global network form of power whose territory is the entire globe and whose network nodes include the dominant nation‐states, supranational institutions, and major capitalist corporations
empire
The spread of technology across borders
technological diffusion
A field of science that seeks to understand the process of aging and the challenges encountered as seniors grow older is:
B. Gerontology
Oversimplified ideas about groups of people are:
C. Stereotypes
A difference in income level between different members of the same generation refers to:
A. Intragenerational mobility
- The dispersion of a people from their original homeland is known as:
B. Diaspora
A hands-off leader who allows members of the group to make their own decisions is a:
D. Laissez-faire leader
A rapid, fundamental, and violent domestic change in the way of life, social structure, and political institutions of a society
revolution
Serious acts of deviance about which there is near-unanimous public agreement is known as:
A. Consensus crime
A level of material goods and comforts required to maintain a particular socio-economic lifestyle is:
C. Standard of living
An organization principle where group membership and advancement are based on merit as shown through proven and documented skills is referred to as:
A. Meritocracy
When the social problem that concerns a social movement is stated as a call to action
motivational framing
An application of knowledge to solve problems in daily life
technology
When stereotypes don’t change, they get recycled for application to a new subordinate group
stereotype interchangeability
Urban formations based on clusters of shopping malls, entertainment complexes, and office towers at major transportation intersections
edge city
The mediated environment of a society based on the circulation of media images, messages, news stories, and representations is referred to as our:
A. Mediascape
When upper- and middle-class residents renovate and live in properties in certain city areas or communities that have been historically less affluent
gentrification
An authority able to filter, interpret, and explain media messages to an audience is a(n):
A. Influencer
Cultural experiences, practices and products that are widely circulated, produced by or well-liked by “the people” refer to:
B. Popular culture
The process that increases the amount of specialization and differentiation of structure in societies
modernization
Patents that are granted when someone has invented a new and original design for a manufactured product
design patents
Deference and respect to one’s parents and ancestors in all things is known as:
C. Filial piety
Neurocognitive variation among the human species
neurodiversity
Crowds that share opportunities to express emotions
expressive crowds
The various means and strategies used to direct the behaviour and actions of others (or of oneself)
government
The underlying societal factors and social changes that create constituencies of people with common interests
political demand
Long-term shifts in temperature and climate due to human activity
climate change
The development on the outskirts of cities of unplanned shantytowns or squats with no access to clean water, sanitation, or other municipal services
slum city
The way of life characteristic of cities and towns
urbanism
A set of policies in which the state reduces its role in providing public services, regulating industry, redistributing wealth, and protecting the commons while advocating the use of free market mechanisms to regulate society is:
A. Neoliberalism
Pre-established patterns of behaviour that people are expected to follow in specific social situations are:
D. Social scripts
A relatively large group with a common interest, even if the group members may not interact or be in close proximity
mass
A functionalist perspective theory that posits that several preconditions must be in place for collective behaviour to occur
value-added theory
Communicable diseases caused by micro-organisms such as bacteria or viruses
infectious diseases
In capitalism, the underclass of chronically unemployed or irregularly employed who are in and out of the workforce are referred to as:
D. Lumpenproletariat
The accelerated extraction of natural resources to satisfy a global demand for minerals and energy with the idea that this sustains national economic growth
extractivism
The study of population dynamics
demography
An arrangement of regular, predictable practices and behaviours on which society’s members base their daily lives and expectations is known as the:
A. Social order
The deliberative process by which the will or decisions of the people are determined
democratic will formation
Long-term, debilitating illnesses like depression and bipolar disorder
mood disorders
The role of the state in maintaining social order by use of force
coercive function
The social process by which certain social groups are marked for unequal treatment based on perceived physiological differences is known as:
B. Racialization
When a technology company plans for a product to be obsolete or unable to be repaired
planned obsolescence
When people prepare for future life roles this is known as:
A. Anticipatory socialization
An organic based pathology which can in principle be measured through clinical or laboratory procedures
disease
The systematic study of death and dying is:
D. Thanatology
When someone’s identity is spoiled; they are labelled as different, discriminated against, and sometimes even shunned due to an illness or disability
stigmatization
A scholarly discipline that questions fixed (normative) definitions of gender and sexuality is:
C. Queer theory
A geographical area that is determined not by political or administrative boundaries but by ecological systems, such as a watershed, a river estuary, a coastal environment, a mountain range or plain
bioregion
Women (or other categories of individual) who break both laws and gender (or other) norms are considered:
B. Doubly deviant
Objects, states of being, or practices that are set apart and considered forbidden because of their connection to divine presence are termed:
A. Sacred
A group that shares a specific identity apart from a parent culture, even as the members hold features in common with the parent culture are part of a:
D. Subculture
The selection of individuals for greater surveillance, policing, or treatment on the basis of racialized characteristics is:
D. Racial profiling
A condition that makes it more difficult to cope with everyday life
mental disorder
A non-institutionalized activity in which several people voluntarily engage
collective behaviour
Rule by the people
democracy
A time when children are only capable of imitation and have no ability to imagine how others see things they are in the:
D. Preparatory stage
Forms of communication like newspapers, radio, television, social media platforms, that pass from a centralized location to the masses is:
C. Mass media
A breakthrough in one form of technology that leads to a number of variations, from which a prototype emerges, followed by a period of slight adjustments to the technology, interrupted by a breakthrough
evolutionary model of technological change
Relatively egalitarian, small scale agricultural societies in which mothering is recognized as the central unifying structure are referenced as a(n):
D. Matriarchy
Aging that occurs due to controllable factors like exercise and diet is:
B. Secondary aging
The shared beliefs, morals, attitudes or mental life of a society is our:
D. Collective conscience
A group who shares a common social status based on their economic position or relationship to the means of production are a:
C. Class
The ideal norm of democratic discussion in which every subject is permitted to take part in public discussion, to question assertions, to introduce assertions, and to express attitudes, desires, and needs; no subject can be prevented from speaking
ideal speech situation
A form of social life distinguished from rural life and produced by the effect of the external features of the metropolis (population size, density, anonymity, and diversity, for example) on the psyche or subjective experience of the urban dweller
metropolitan way of life
The deliberate annihilation of a targeted (usually subordinate) group has been termed:
D. Genocide
A stratification system based on class structure and individual achievement is a:
A. Class system
The process of the formation of cities
urbanization
A situation in which everyone in a society has an equal chance to pursue economic or social rewards refers to an:
D. Equality of opportunity
A cohabiting man and woman who are married and have at least one biological child under the age of 18 are termed a:
C. Nuclear family
A type of unilateral descent that follows either the father’s or the mother’s side exclusively is:
A. Ambilineal
Detailed continuous training, control, observation, correction, and rehabilitation of individuals to improve their capabilities (or health)
disciplinary power
A measure noting the actual number of children born
fertility rate
When a person’s beliefs and ideology are in conflict with their best interests they have:
A. False consciousness
Cities that are divided into wealthy, high-tech, information-based zones of urban development and poorer, run-down, marginalized zones of urban underdevelopment and informal economic activity
dual city
Feelings of worry and fearfulness that last for months at a time
anxiety disorders
A way or perspective in which experience is organized conceptually
frame
Movements that seek to completely change every aspect of society
revolutionary movements
(1) The means by which form is given to the life of a people; (2) The activity of striving to share power or striving to influence the distribution of power, either among states or among groups within a state
politics
A condition of crisis in which the law or the constitution is temporarily suspended so that the state can claim emergency powers
state of exception
The physical separation of two groups, particularly in residence, but also in workplace and social functions is:
A. Segregation
A system of medical practice that defines health and illness in terms of the mechanics of the physical, biological systems of the human body
biomedicine
The absence of any organized government
anarchy
Lines of development of technological innovations which make advancements on previous iterations
technological lineage
The degree of honour or prestige one has in the eyes of others is their:
C. Status
Rule by old people
gerontocracy
A snapshot of the demographic profile of a population based on fertility, mortality, and migration rates
population composition
Any group of people who are singled out from others for differential and unequal treatment is a:
A. Minority group
The production of emotional qualities required as an aspect of paid labour is:
C. Emotional labour
An unorganized, relatively diffuse group of people who interact and debate ideas
public
Collective resources that humans share in common
commons
Cities that choose to transform themselves into Disneyland-like theme parks or sites of mega-events to draw international tourists
fantasy city
A severe, lasting mental disorder that requires long-term treatment
mental illness
Coalitions of politicians, real estate investors, corporations, property owners, urban planners, architects, sports teams, and cultural institutions, for example, who work together to intensify land usage, attract private capital to the city and lobby government for subsidies and tax breaks for investors
growth machine
A system in which it is customary for a wife to live with (or near) her husband’s family is:
A. Patrilocal residence
Theory which asserts that human ingenuity will rise to the challenge of providing adequate resources for a growing population
cornucopian theory
The deliberate imposition of one’s own cultural values on another culture is:
B. Cultural imperialism
The current geologic era of the planet initiated by the impact of human activity on the biosphere
Anthropocene
The area that includes a city and its suburbs and exurbs
metropolis
The institutions that organize the regular processes of democracy including parliament, the civil service, electoral procedures, constitutions, rule of law, etc
institutions of democracy
A unique development based on the new role of cities in the circuits of global information and global capital circulation and accumulation
global city
A “not in my back yard” movement or protest, describing the tendency of people to protest development when it impacts them directly
NIMBY
The physiological body, or what people are as physiological, neurological, and skeletal beings
Körper
An exaggerated expression of masculinity tied to a backlash against climate change discourse
petro-masculinity
Theoretical framework that describes human pressure on environmental systems as temporary because, as society modernizes, the ecological rationality underpinning the need to protect the environment from the strains of human development will become evident, leading to necessary reforms, innovations and environmental sustainability
ecological modernization theory
The ratio of men to women in a given population
sex ratio
An impairment in cognitive, developmental, physical, sensory, and mental abilities, compounded by social barriers that hinder full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others
disability
The social process that normalizes “sick” behavior
demedicalization
The ability to understand how personal problems of milieu relate to public issues of social structure is the:
D. Sociological imagination
Discrimination based on age is referred to as:
B. Ageism
An open democratic space for public debate and deliberation
public sphere
The regulation and enforcement of norms is:
A. Social control
Large scale, societal patterns in people’s feelings or emotional responses towards things refers to the:
A. Structure of feeling
Movements that work to promote inner change or spiritual growth in individuals
redemptive movements
Concerted behaviour in which a number of people come together on the basis of a shared interest to achieve some common objective
collective action
Theory which asserts that population is controlled through positive checks (war, famine, disease) and preventive checks (measures to reduce fertility)
Malthusian theory
Norms based on social requirements which are based on the moral views and principles of a group are:
C. Mores
A situation in which no one model of health practice can successfully claim to provide the definitive truth for how to attain health
medical pluralism
Information based on systematic interpretations of meaning is:
A. Qualitative data
Using bridging, amplification, extension, and transformation as an ongoing and intentional means of recruiting participants to a movement
frame alignment process
Theory that describes four stages of population growth, following patterns that connect birth and death rates with stages of industrial development
demographic transition theory
A political state in which a monarch is head of state but whose powers are limited by a legal constitution
constitutional monarchy
A society historically based on colonization through foreign settlement and displacement of Indigenous inhabitants is a:
C. Settler society
The degree to which a human activity can be sustained without damaging or undermining basic ecological support systems
environmental sustainability
A technology suited and fit to its ecological and social context
appropriate technology
When the social problem that concerns a social movement is stated in a clear, easily understood manner
diagnostic framing
The long-term change in a population’s dominant health problems or profile from acute infectious diseases to chronic, degenerative diseases as societies go through the process of industrialization
epidemiologic transition
A concept that prohibits premarital sexual intercourse for women, but allows it for men is known as:
B. Double standard
Interventions to treat or cure disabilities in order to reintegrate disabled persons into “normal” society
rehabilitation
The systematic study of how humans manage issues of health and illness, disease and disorders, and health care for both the sick and the healthy
Medical Sociology
The sociological subfield that addresses the relationship between humans and the environment
environmental sociology
Societies characterized by a reliance on mechanized labour to create material goods are:
C. Industrial societies
A society in which the sources of economic productivity and political power are based on new information technologies (e.g., micro-electronic computation, digital communications technologies, genetic engineering) and the generation, processing, and transformation of information is a:
B. Information society
A model of power that separates deviants from “normals,” or the sick from the healthy, and abandons them outside the care of society
exclusion of the sick
Societies based around the cultivation of plants are:
A. Horticultural societies
A set of cultural conventions, instructions, or rules used to combine symbols to communicate or interpret meaning is a:
C. Code
Concerns with quality-of-life issues: personal autonomy, self-expression, environmental integrity, women’s rights, gay rights, the meaningfulness of work, habitability of cities, etc
postmaterialist
A prejudice in favour of a particular viewpoint in the selection of the events and stories that are reported and how they are covered is known as:
B. Media bias
A condition in which a multiplicity of religions and faiths co-exist in a given society:
D. Religious diversity
The recognition of cultural and racial diversity and of the equality of different cultures is referred to as:
A. Multiculturalism
How many people can live in a given area considering the amount of available resources
carrying capacity
Power that people accept because it comes from a source that is perceived as legitimate
authority
The condition in which low-income and marginalized people are disproportionately likely to experience various environmental problems
environmental inequality
The shared inter-subjective meanings and common understandings that form the backdrop of daily existence and communication
lifeworld
A condition in which lethal violence is present as a constant potentiality, always and everywhere ready to erupt
post-security
The correlation between greater social inequality in a society and lower intergenerational mobility is known as:
B. Great Gatsby Curve
A “mark” of difference that defines a socially undesirable characteristic
stigma
A behaviour that violates official law and is punishable through formal sanctions is seen as:
B. Crime
Graphic representation that depicts population distribution according to age and sex
population pyramid
Patents that recognize the discovery of new plant types that can be asexually reproduced
plant patents
A city in which the major business and employment activities revolve around manufacturing, building, and machining
industrial city
Departures from normal behaviour that are not illegal but are widely regarded as harmful refer to:
B. Social deviations
The compounding effects of multiple determinants of social inequality is known as:
D. Intersectionality
A violation of social norms not covered by any specific behavioural expectation
residual deviance
The unequal access to a clean environment and basic environmental resources based on racialized distinctions
environmental racism
A model of human ecology that views cities as a series of circular rings or zones
concentric zone model
A social movement skeptical of the scientific basis and effectiveness of psychiatric treatment, which considers psychiatry to be based on a power relationship between doctor and patient and the institutional authority of the diagnostic process
anti-psychiatry movement
A political state in which a monarch has absolute or unmitigated power
absolute monarchy
The pattern of expectations that define appropriate behaviour for the sick and for those who take care of them
sick role
The state acts as a neutral mediator to balance the competing interests and demands of divergent interest groups in society
pluralist theory
People who come together for a regularly scheduled event
conventional crowds
The internalized sense of individual dignity, rights, and freedom that accompanies formal membership in the political community
citizenship
Crowds of people who are focused on a specific action or goal
acting crowds
A religion based on belief in a single deity is:
A. Monotheism
Transitional, economically deprived zones within a city, where there is a high rate of flux in population as different groups of people move in and out
zones of transition
Communities that arise farther out than the suburbs and are typically populated by residents of high socioeconomic status
exurbs
The role of the state in maintaining the economic conditions for sustained capitalist investment and profitability
accumulation function
The cultural form of capitalist societies characterized by constant change and transformation
modernity
The lived body, or the way in which the body experiences the world and is itself experienced from within
Leib
A sociological model in which human communities, like biotic communities, are bound together by complex relations of competition for resources and mutual dependence
social ecology
The state of being committed or married to more than one person at a time is known as:
D. Polygamy
A political unit whose boundaries are co-extensive with a cultural, linguistic or ethnic nation
nation-state
A perspective in which male concerns, male attitudes, and male practices are presented as “normal” or define what is significant and valued in a culture is:
D. Androcentrism
An event staged using primarily visual symbols as a means of public persuasion
image event
Detailed continuous training, control, observation, correction and rehabilitation of individuals to improve their capabilities is known as:
C. Disciplinary social control
Social movements that limit themselves to self-improvement changes in individuals
alternative movements
The process whereby former colonies attain formal political self-determination and independence from colonial powers is:
D. Decolonization
A human community that successfully claims the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force within a given territory
state
Ways of acting upon the self to transform the self to attain a certain mode of being (e.g., “health”)
care for the self
The process of controlling the impact of one’s appearance to others
image management
(1) The ability to exercise one’s will over others; (2) The capacity or to create and act
power
How much the population of a defined area grows or shrinks in a specific time period, calculated as the current population minus the initial population divided by the initial population
growth rate
A situation in which power and resistance are fixed into a more or less permanent hierarchical arrangement
domination
Patents that are granted for the invention or discovery of any new and useful process, product, or machine
utility patents
An environmental social movement based on the principle that the eco-system and members of the natural world are not resources to be used because all beings have intrinsic value
deep ecology
The subfield of sociology that focuses on the study of urbanization
urban sociology
Overarching narratives that give order, meaning and direction to a society are known as:
B. Grand narratives
A term that refers to individuals who identify with the behaviours and characteristics that are the opposite of their biological sex (assigned at birth):
D. Transgender
The benefits people receive simply by being part of the dominant group of racialized “whites.”
White privilege
A system that guarantees health care coverage for everyone
universal health care
A socially defined standard measure which allows us to distinguish between what conforms to a rule and what does not
norm
The strategies and organizational capacities of political parties to deliver an appealing political program to particular constituencies
political supply
The movement of people into an area to take up permanent residence
immigration
When people are discriminated against because of illnesses and sufferers are looked down upon or even shunned by society
stigmatization of illness
Discrimination against persons with disabilities or the unintended neglect of their needs
ableism
The collective destruction of collective or shared resources as a product of individual cost/benefit decision making
tragedy of the commons
