Chapter 7 Flashcards
A collection of people who exist in the same place at the same time, but who do not interact or share a sense of identity
aggregate
A leader who issues orders and demands compliance from subordinates
authoritarian leader
A formal organization characterized by a hierarchy of authority, a clear division of labour, explicit rules, impersonality and meritocracy
bureaucracy
People who share similar characteristics but who are not otherwise socially connected
category
Organization that people do not voluntarily join, such as prison or a mental hospital
coercive organization
The elevated feeling experienced by individuals when they come together as a group
collective effervescence
The extent to which an individual complies with group or societal norms
conformity
The specific drives, needs, purposes, or interests of individuals that motivate them to interact with others
contents
The group of close, personal contacts with whom one confides on personal matters and with whom one chooses to spend free time
core discussion group
A leader who encourages group participation and consensus-building before acting
democratic leader
Organizational structure in which each individual has a specialized task to perform
division of labour
A two-member group
dyad
Rules that are explicitly stated, written down, and standardized
explicit rules
A group function that serves an emotional need
expressive function
A leader who is concerned with process and with ensuring everyone’s emotional well-being
expressive leader
Large, impersonal organizations
formal organizations
The study of how specific social contents are organized into regular patterns of social coordination
formal sociology
The patterns of behaviour that guide or regulate individuals’ actions in different social settings
forms
An invisible barrier that prevents women from achieving positions of leadership
glass ceiling
Any collection of at least two people who interact with some frequency and who share a sense that their identity is aligned with the group
group
The tendency to conform to the attitudes and beliefs of the group despite individual misgivings
groupthink
A clear chain of command
hierarchy of authority
An abstract model of a recurring social phenomenon that describes the form and logical relation of components
ideal type
The absence of personal feelings in the conduct of organizational tasks
impersonality
A group a person belongs to and feels is an integral part of their identity
in-group
A group function that serves achieving a task or goal efficiently and effectively
instrumental function
A leader who is goal oriented with a primary focus on accomplishing tasks
instrumental leader
The theory that an organization is ruled by a few elites rather than through collaboration
iron law of oligarchy
A hands-off leader who allows members of the group to make their own decisions
laissez-faire leader
The role of the leader in determining how an organization decides what its goals are and how it will attain them
leadership function
The style a leader uses to achieve goals or elicit action from group members
leadership style
The increasing presence of the fast-food business model of control, predictability, calculability and efficiency in common social institutions
McDonaldization
A research focus on the properties of large scale, society-wide, social interactions
macro-level of analysis
A research focus on the characteristics of local networks, groups, and organizations
meso-level of analysis
A research focus on the social dynamics of small groups and face-to-face interaction
micro-level of analysis
An organization principle where group membership and advancement are based on merit as shown through proven and documented skills
meritocracy
Organizations that people choose to join to pursue shared interests or because they provide intangible rewards
normative or voluntary organizations
A group that an individual is not a member of and may compete with
out-group
Small, informal groups that provide the individual with intimacy and support
primary groups
The experience and attraction to the act of being together for its own sake, regardless of the content of the interaction
pure sociability
An explanation of in-group/out-group behaviour which predicts that antagonism will develop between groups if there is a competition for a resource in which only one group can be the winner and in the absence of superordinate goals requiring cooperation
realistic conflict theory
Groups to which an individual compares herself or himself
reference groups
A process in which a dominant group displaces their unfocused aggression and violence onto a subordinate group
scapegoating
Large, impersonal groups that are task-focused and time-limited
secondary groups
Any two individuals on Earth can be linked on average by six network connections
six degrees of separation
An individual who has a large impact on a person’s socialization or plays a formative role in shaping their life
significant other
A collection of people tied together by a specific configuration of connections through which resources are exchanged
social network
An individual in a network is influenced by their immediate social contacts, their social contacts’ contacts, and their social contacts’ contacts’ contacts
three degrees of influence
An organization in which participants live a controlled life focused on resocialization
total institution
The tendency for the products of culture to detach themselves from lived experience and become increasingly complex, specialized, alienating, or oppressive
tragedy of culture
A three-member group
triad
An organization that people join to fill a specific material need
utilitarian organization
