Soc 16

Question 1

What are the 4 main characteristics of veins?

Answer 1

• veins carry blood into the heart
• veins have much thinner walls, are less elastic and carry blood at a lower pressure
• veins contain many valves which helps deoxygenated blood flow to the heart
• the pulmonary vein is different to other veins as it carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart

Question 2

What are the 4 main characteristics of capillaries?

Answer 2

• capillaries are microscopic vessels - just one cell thick
• at one end, capillaries carry oxygenated blood which transfers oxygen and nutrients to the muscles
• at the other end, they carry deoxygenated blood into the veins, picking up waste products and taking them around the body to dispose them
• capillaries are where gaseous exchange takes place

Question 3

How does the heart pump blood

Answer 3

• the heart beats in a ‘lub dub’ rhythm
• the first phase is known as the systolic phase
  
  • this is where blood is pumped from both atria into the ventricles (lub)
  • then both the ventricles contract (dub)
  • pushing deoxygenated blood to leave the right ventricle to the lungs via the pulmonary artery
  • oxygenated blood in the left ventricle leaves via the aprta to the body
• the second phase is know as the diastolic phase
  
  • this is when the heart is relaxing and refilling with the atria with blood

Question 4

What is the importance of the red blood cells?

Answer 4

Transports oxygen from the lungs to the body

Question 5

What stores the oxygen in the red blood cells?

Answer 5

They contain haemoglobin, which stores oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 6

Why are red blood cells important in sport?

Question 7

What are the importance of white blood cells?

Answer 7

• White bloods keep you from infections and create antibodies to fight the infection
• If an athlete has a disease or infection they may not be able to train

Question 8

What are the importance of platelets?

Answer 8

• Help blood clots and stop bleeding
• blood platelets are formed in the bone marrow
• blood is the first line of defence in the repair of a wound
• when a blood vessels is cut, platelets rush tonthe area and swell into irregular shapes, they become sticky and act as a plug
• if a performer gets a skin abrasion/cut the blood platelets will clot to stop the bleeding

Question 9

What is the importance of plasma?

Answer 9

• The main role of plasma is to take nutrients, hormones, and proteins to the parts of the body that need it
• Cells also put their waste products into the plasma.

Question 10

Immune system

Answer 10

The structures and processes in your body that stop disease

Question 11

Thrombokinase

Answer 11

Substance involved in blood clotting

Question 12

Serotonin

Answer 12

Hormone that triggers the clotting process

Question 13

Plasma

Answer 13

The fluid part of blood

Question 14

Erthrocyte

Answer 14

Red blood cell

Question 15

Haemoglobin

Answer 15

A red protein in the blood that transports oxygen

Question 16

Anaemia

Answer 16

A condition where there is a lack of red cells or haemoglobin in the blood

Question 17

Leukocyte

Answer 17

White blood cells

Question 18

Pathogen

Answer 18

An agent that causes disease, such as a virus

Question 19

Antibody

Answer 19

Chemical that destroys a pathogen