Soc 12: Joints, Movements, Ligaments and Tendons Flashcards
What is a joint
A joint is a place where two or more bones meet. Joints are important for movement and rotation.
What are the classification of joints
- pivot
- hinge
- ball and socket
- condyloid
What are pivot joints
Pivot joints allow bones to rotate. in pivot joint one bone, shaped like a cylinder rotates inside another bone or ligament that makes a ring round it. There are 3 pivot joints in the body : wrist, elbow and neck.
What are hinge joints
A hinge joint is a joint that only allows backwards and forward motions -just like a hinge on a door. There are 3 hinge joints in the body : the knee, elbow and ankle.
What are ball and socket joints
Balls and socket joints have two parts: the ball (the rounded head of a long bone) and the socket (the cup shaped whole where the ball fits in.
What is a condyloid joint
A condyloid joint is similar to a ball and socket joint, but the ball rest rests against the end of a bone.
What is a ligament
A joint that connects bone to bone e.g. the anterior cruciate ligament
What is a tendon
A joint that connects muscle to bone e.g. the Achilles’ tendon in the ankle area
What are the different types of movements
Flexion Extension Adduction Abduction Rotation Circumduction Doris-flexion Plantar flexion
What is flexion
Flexion is a bending movement that decreases the angle between body parts
What are the joints that provide flexion
Shoulder, hip and elbow
What is a sporting example of flexion
Someone doing a bicep curl
What is extension
Straightening movement that increases the angle between body parts
What joints provide extension
Shoulder and hip
What is a sporting example of a extension
A swimmer swings their arm backwards in preparation for a racing dive
What is adduction
A movement that pulls towards the midline of the body
What joints provide adduction
Shoulder and hip
What is a sporting example of adduction
A golfer on the tee swings the club down towards the ball
What is abduction
Movement that pulls away from the midline of the body
What are the joints that provide abduction
Shoulder and hip
What is a sporting example of abduction
A gymnast moves their arms our sideways at the shoulder when performing ‘the crucifix’ on the rings
What is rotation
Movement around a single axis or pivot point
What joints provide rotation
Shoulder and hips
What are the sporting examples of rotation
A tennis player serves
