smoking, alcohol and BMI

Question 1

SMOKING

Answer 1

Smoking is when a substance is burned and smoke is inhaled to be tasted and absorbed into the bloodstream.

Smoking can cause faults in the cells as they divide, increasing the risk of tumors and cancers like lung cancers.
-increasing mortality
-YLL, premature death

Question 2

smoking no. 2

Answer 2

Exposure to tobacco smoke can lower immune system function and increase the risk of contracting infectious diseases such as pneumonia
-increasing morbidity
-increasing YLD, disease

Question 3

smoking no. 3

Answer 3

Chemicals in tobacco increase BP and speed up the process of atherosclerosis(deposition of plaque on blood vessel walls) increasing the risk of CVD.
-mortality
-YLL, premature death

Question 4

ALCOHOL

Answer 4

Alcohol misuse relates to the excessive consumption of alcohol and includes alcoholism and binge drinking.

Alcohol contains kilojoules and therefore energy,if those kilojoules are used it increases the chance of an individual gaining weight or becoming obese(high BMI). increasing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
-morbidity
-YLD, disease

Question 5

alcohol no. 2

Answer 5

under the influence of alcohol individuals are more likely to act impulsively and take risks such as drink driving causing road trauma injuries.
-morbidity
-YLD, disease

Question 6

alcohol no. 3

Answer 6

alcohol is filtered through the liver,excessive consumption can cause scarring of the liver tissue, which can lead to the liver not functioning properly and toxins remaining in the body. This can lead to chronic liver diseases such as cirrhosis of the liver.
-morbidity
-YLD, disease

Question 7

HIGH BMI
(body mass index)

Answer 7

Body mass index is a statistical measure of body mass calculated by dividing weight (kg) by height (m squared).

high body mass index usually meaning cholesterol levels are elevated, increasing the risk of atherosclerosis and the risk of CVD.
-mortality
-YLL, premature death

Question 8

high BMI, no. 2

Answer 8

high BMI is the greatest risk for type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or the body cannot use the insulin effectively (insulin resistance).
-mortality
-YLL, premature death

Question 9

high BMI no. 3

Answer 9

high BMI puts more pressure on joints, contributing to osteoarthritis, characterised by worn down cartilage, which usually cushions the joints where bones meet. without cushioning bone rubs on bone causing pain and limited mobility. (kness, neck, lower back, hips, fingers)
-morbidity
-YLD, Disease