Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Theriogenology > Sm An - The Estrous Cycle > Flashcards

Sm An - The Estrous Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

what are ovaries covered by

A

ovarian bursa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

where is semen deposited

A

fornix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is a pseudocervix

A

dorsal median fold of tissue between vaginal wall and cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how long does it take eggs to mature

A

48 hours on average

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

canine oocyte lifespan and breeding

A

Canine oocytes have longer lifespan → extends the breeding period but fertilization can only occur once
the oocytes are mature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

when do progesterone levels start to rise

A

prior to ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what can you use progesterone for

A

to determine when ovulation occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

four stages of the canine estrus cycle

A

proestrus, estrus, diestrus, anestrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what stages of the estrus cycle make up heat

A

proestrus and estrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is puberty

A

when the first proestrus occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

can you breed on the first heat

A

NO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is split heat

A

heat starts then stops without ovulation. Starts again later

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is silent heat

A

very little vaginal discharge.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

when does puberty usually occur

A

Occurs earlier in small breeds vs. large breeds
◦ Average 8-14 months (range 6 – 26 months)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

four methods to determine stage of estrus

A

-vaginoscopy
-vaginal cytology
-progesterone levels
-behaviour/receptivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

length of proestrus

A

9 days (0-27d range)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

when is day 1 of heat

A

first drop of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what indicates estrogen levels are rising

A

Edema of vaginal epithelium; edema of the vulva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

external cues of proestrus (3)

A

◦ Swollen vulva
◦ Serosanguineous vaginal discharge
◦ May start “flagging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

state of progesterone during proestrus

A

Progesterone = low = baseline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

behaviour of bitches during proestrus (3)

A

*Bitches are typically not receptive yet
*Bitches may mount other bitches
*Bitches in heat may become aggressive towards other bitche

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what will you see on a vaginal cytology during proestrus

A

parabasal cells and intermediate cells

epithelium goes from 5-10 layers to 10-20 layers

23
Q

length of estrus

A

9 days (4-24d range)

24
Q

what happens during estrus

A

Stage at which LH surge occurs, ovulation occurs and fertile period occurs = when breeding occurs “standing heat”

25
Q

estrogen levels and progesterone levels in estrus

A

-Estrogen levels elevated initially; peak; starts decreasing at LH

-Progesterone levels start to rise at LH, continue to elevate at ovulation & remain elevated

26
Q

what can we use to estimate the LH surge

A

progesterone

27
Q

when would we use an in house LH test

A

◦ Usually reserved for important breedings; frozen
semen breedings

28
Q

when does LH surge occur

A

48hr before ovulation

29
Q

what is crenulation

A

Edema of vaginal epithelium decreases

30
Q

what happens to the vulva during estrus that we can see

A

Vulva becomes less turgid as estrogen decreases, serosanguineous discharge can diminish, can
become lighter

31
Q

what behaviour will females do during estrus

A

Female should be receptive to male during fertile period
◦ Flagging
◦ Seeks out the male

32
Q

what cells do you see in vaginal cytology during estrus

A

cornified epithelial cells

33
Q

when do estrogen levels peak

A

estrus

34
Q

length of diestrus

A

2 months (56-58 days if pregnant, 56-90 days if not pregnant)

35
Q

will bitches be receptive to breeding during diestrus

A

no bc no longer in heat

36
Q

when does diestrus occur

A

6 days after ovulation, or 8 days from the LH surge

37
Q

what happens to the vulva during diestrus

A

Vulva diminishes in size, vaginal discharge subsides, vaginal epithelium flattens

38
Q

levels of estrogen and progesterone during diestrus

A

Period of time when progesterone is high; estrogen is low

39
Q

what do you see on vaginal cytology during diestrus

A

◦ Parabasal cells
◦ Intermediate cells
◦ Neutrophils

40
Q

layers of vaginal epithelium during diestrus

A

2-4 cell layers

41
Q

how do you tell the difference between proestrus and diestrus

A

progesterone levels!

42
Q

length of anestrus

A

4 months (range 4-12 months)

43
Q

when does anestrus occur

A

after diestrus

44
Q

progesterone levels during anestrus

A

it drops! luteolysis

45
Q

anestrus is a period of _____ ______

A

reproductive quiescence

46
Q

what is anestrus an important stage for

A

Important stage for uterine involution
◦ Uterine involution is a necessary process

47
Q

are bitches receptive to breeding during anestrus

A

no

48
Q

what does the vulva look like during anestrus

A

Bitches are not receptive to breeding

49
Q

why is a reproductive consultation important (2)

A

-Our responsibility to educate clients on responsible breeding
–>Time commitment
–>$$$

-Should only be breeding mature, healthy, good dogs
–>Clearances
–>Representative of the breed

50
Q

what is included in breeding bitch management (4)

A

-hx (medical and reproductive)
-PE
-repro exam (digital palpation, vaginoscopy, vaginal swab for cytology)
-serum P4 levels (usually blood taken every 2 days)

51
Q

what status do we need to know for breeding bitch managemnet

A

brucella canis status

52
Q

breeding methods (4)

A

-natural

-vaginal AI

-transcervical insemination (semen deposited directly in uterus, can usually do without sedation)

-surgical insemination (semen deposited directly in the uterus, more invasive than TCAI

53
Q

three types of semen that can be used in canine breeding

A

-fresh (can breed with standard vaginal AI, MAVIC catheter or TCAI)

-fresh chilled (smene collected, stored in cool place, shipped)

-frozen (TCAI or SAI only, progesterone timing required every 2 days, more in depth timing is required)

Theriogenology (37 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions