Equine FOP

Question 1

features of the mare to consider with FOP (3)

Answer 1

-many nonlesion lesions
-no placental reserve
-loose cervix

Question 2

where does embryo attach in horses

Answer 2

at the bifurcation

Question 3

areas of non-lesion lesions

Answer 3

-avillous regions (cervical star, chorioallantoic pouch, insertion of cord)
-allantoic pouches
-yolk sac remnant
-hippomane

Question 4

where you do always need to look for lesions in horses

Answer 4

cervical star!!!

Question 5

causes of equine abortion %

Answer 5

-no dx = 16%
-non-infectious cause = 47%
-infectious causes = 37%

Question 6

top two non infectious causes of FOP in equine

Answer 6

-dystocia/trauma
-congenital defects

Question 7

top two infectious causes of FOP in equine

Answer 7

-bacteria
-placentitis

Question 8

4 causes of abnormalities in the fetus

Answer 8

-dystocia; meconium staining?
-congenital abnormalities
-thyroid hyperplasia and MSK disease
-lesions of EHV (fibrin cast in trachea, interstitial pneumonia, focal necrosis on liver)

Question 9

what is a congenital abnormality in horses

Answer 9

-shistosomus reflexus

Question 10

causes of MSK dz and thyroid hyperplasia (3)

Answer 10

-skeletal abnormalities (limb deformities, osteopetrosis, arthrogryposis)
-microscopic thyroid hyperplasia
-poor feed = nitrite/nitrate

Question 11

what is arthrogryposis

Answer 11

joint fixation

Question 12

what is osteopetrosis

Answer 12

bone like rock…. no BM in medulla, all bone

Question 13

what is a specific lesion for herpesvirus in equine fetus

Answer 13

fibrin cast in trachea

Question 14

cord length abnormality parameters

Answer 14

-too short (<36cm)
-too long (>83cm)

Question 15

three things that can result in the cord being too long

Answer 15

-placental infarct
-torsion (>3 turns)
-strangulation

Question 16

causes of reduced placental reserve in avillus regions

Answer 16

-twinning, premature separation, body pregnancy (not in horn)

-placentitis (ascending infection, strep zoo)

Question 17

what disease should we think about when we see placental edema and thickening in horses

Answer 17

rescue endophyte mycotoxicosis

Question 18

what will happen in cases of fescue endophyte mycotoxicosis

Answer 18

-hyperthermia
-placental edema and thickening
-dysmaturity
-prolonged gestation

Question 19

what agent causes fescue endophyte mycotoxicosis

Answer 19

neotyphodium coenophialum

Question 20

what is an issue caused by the eastern tent catepillar and how

Answer 20

-increased evidence of fetal sepsis and “amnionitis”

-hairs penetrate intestine, uterus, and placenta; endotoxemia/bacteremia