Camelid Breeding Management Flashcards

1
Q

camelids are ______ ovulators

A

induced

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2
Q

do camelids have a real estrus?

A

No real estrus, either accommodating or spitting off

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3
Q

what is special about male the camelid penis and why

A

During copulation, penis enters uterus (penis has a cartilaginous tip)

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4
Q

what horn do females normally get pregnant in

A

left, unknown why

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5
Q

how long is a cycle of a female camelid when they arent bred?

A

12 days… if they dont get bred they just keep going through this same cycle

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6
Q

what sign do you use to know if you can breed a female?

A

if they are spitting off, dont breed them

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7
Q

what is the extra membrane for horses and why is it thought to be there?

A

epidermal membrane (epithelion)

thought to act as a wind breaker when they are born because moms dont dry them off

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8
Q

camelids have an _______ septum

A

intercornual

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9
Q

how are camelids like queens reproductive wise?

A

induced ovulators, like a tom – penis
points rearwards

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10
Q

how are camelids like cows reproductive wise?

A

four teats, uterus drops over pelvic
brim, may get vaginal prolapse

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11
Q

how are camelids like mares reproductive wise?

A

diffuse microcotyledonary
placentation, uterine horns not “curled”, twins bad, long necks and legs make obstetrics difficult, gestation ~11 months, breed soon post partum, poor perineal conformation can cause infertility

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12
Q

what % of males are fertile at 1 year old and why?

A

10% , the penis must detach from the prepuce in order to be fertile

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13
Q

how are camelids like nothing else reproductive wise?

A

epidermal membrane, intercornual septum, pregnancy in left horn only, no heat, little ‘mothering’, cartilage tipped penis

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14
Q

when is the normal time that the glans penis is free in llamas vs alpacas

A

llamas = 18 months, range is 16-20 months

alpacas = 70% by two years, or 100% by 26 months

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15
Q

when are females capable of breeding and what is it related to

A

at one year, but they may be fertile much younger. its weight related

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16
Q

what is an issue with maiden llamas in relation to accepting males

A

Maiden llamas more often will accept the male although already pregnant

17
Q

what happens if you accidentally breed when there is not an “ovulatable” follicle

A

you will just keep breeding them when they cant get pregnant so you will never be successful without investigation

18
Q

what should you be looking into if you cant get a female pregnant

A

look at serum P4 values and get vet to do U/S to see what is going on and adjust breeding schedule based on the findings of that

19
Q

causes of false positives for spitting as pregnancy diagnosis

A

False negatives eg. aggressive male and maiden female

False positives:
▪ dominant female
▪ retained corpus luteum

20
Q

two methods of pregnany diagnosis

A

-spitting off 12-21 days after breeding (85% accuracy at 75-125d gestation)

-elevated serum progesterone (commonly done at 21d)

21
Q

causes of false positives for elevated serum progesterone as pregnancy diagnosis

A

False positive with retained cl

22
Q

can you use rectal palpation for pregnancy diagnosis

A

PALPATION per rectum depends on skill
▪ not alpacas
▪ most llamas ok after 45 days
▪ difficulty if hand large (need glove size <7.5) or in maiden or obese animal

23
Q

when can you do ultrasound for pregnancy dx

A

ULTRASOUND
▪ per rectum >15 days, heart ~ 25 days
▪ transabdominal by 45 to 60 days depending on machine and llama; alpacas easily by 45d

24
Q

when can you do ballottement for pregnancy dx

A

more than 9 months, ventral abdomen

25
what is a common malposition in camelids and is it easy to fix
neck in improper position, turned and facing away from birth canal. their necks are so long that it makes it difficult to correct
26
what signs do you see with a true breech
often do not appear to be in labour
27
what are some things to consider regarding male infertility (6)
▪ Prepubertal?? Is penis still attached to prepuce? ▪ Acquired defects eg. scrotal abscess or adhesions, penile damage from vulvar hair ▪ Heat (temperature, not the estrus kind) ▪ Congenital defects of testes or epididymis, eg. cysts ▪ Libido problems due to poor socialization or experience, hand-raised? ▪ Training
28
causes of female infertility (6)
▪ Congenital anatomical defects ▪ Hormonal problems eg. persistent CL ▪ Inflammation ▪ Post partum acquired anatomical defects ▪ Stress abortion ▪ Unknown (30 to 50% pregnancies lost <90 days, most <30 days)
29
what drug combo is usually used for camelid castriation
xylazine/ketamine/butorphenol