Clinical Cases in Small Animal Therio Flashcards
causes of orchitis/epididymitis (infectious and non infectious)
Infectious:
◦ Hematogenous spread
◦ Ascending infection
◦ Penetrating wound
Non-infectious/Immune mediated:
◦ 2nd to testicular trauma/inflammation – testicular barrier is no longer intact → sperm granuloma
◦ Occur 2nd to infection or part of widespread autoimmune disorder
◦ Idiopathic
differential dignoses for blood dripping from penis (6)
◦ Penile injury, inflammation (tip of penis or elsewhere)
◦ Prostatic disease
◦ Urethral prolapse
◦ Epididymitis/Orchitis
◦ Bleeding mass from prepuce, penis, etc.
◦ Urethra: urethral damage from trauma, mass, urinary calculus
ways to get a prostatic sample (4)
Manual collection
◦ 3rd fraction
Prostatic massage + wash
◦ Can be used when can’t get a collection
◦ Dog is sedated/anesthetized
◦ Urinary catheter is placed, urine is removed & bladder is rinsed → catheter is placed at level of the prostatic urethra & more saline injected → prostate is massaged rectally → aspirate to get sample
Prostatic fine-needle aspirate (FNA)
◦ Perirectal & rectal are described; trans-abdominal (ultrasound guided)
◦ Obtain fluid (cysts) + tissue
Prostatic biopsy
◦ Can do percutaneous (peri-rectal or cutaneous) or @ surgery
◦ Wedge biopsy or Tru-Cut
differentials for mammary enlargement in a cat (2)
◦ Benign mammary hyperplasia
◦ Mammary neoplasia
how is the estrus cycle different in the bitch vs the queen
BITCHES
◦ Bitches have more reliable cycles – should stay in heat for a couple days/weeks → follicles
◦ Will then always (almost) ovulate → formation of CLs
◦ Means bitches have reliable structures on ovaries for approx. 2-3 months
QUEENS
◦ Heat length is very variable; Follicular waves can overlap
what test do you need to do if you see spines on the penis in toms
testosterone assay
what do you always need to suspect if there is orchitis/epididymitis
brucella canis
