Caprine FOP

Question 1

what are two airborne zoonotic agents in small ruminants

Answer 1

-chlamydia abortus
-coxiella burnetii

Question 2

four agents to be aware of in small ruminants

Answer 2

-CCC and T

–chlamydia abortus
-coxiella burnetii
-campylobacter
-toxoplasma

Question 3

causes of ovine abortion %

Answer 3

-no diagnosis = 34%
-non infectious = 2%
-infectious = 64%

Question 4

two most common infectious agents in ovine

Answer 4

coxiella and toxoplasma gondii

Question 5

causes of caprine abortion %

Answer 5

-no diagnosis = 33%
-non infectious = 3%
-infectious = 64%

Question 6

two most common infectious agents in caprine

Answer 6

coxiella and chlamydia abortus

Question 7

what are goats susceptible to

Answer 7

stress and luteolysis

Question 8

four types of fetal lesions we see in small ruminants

Answer 8

-cyclopia
-arthrogryposis
-anencephaly
-hepatic necrosis

Question 9

cause of cyclopia

Answer 9

veratrum californicum (d14)

Question 10

cause of anencephaly

Answer 10

cache valley orthobunyavirus

Question 11

cause of hepatic necrosis

Answer 11

regions - campylobacter
(C jejuni, fetus fetus, and fetus venerealis)

multifocal necrosis = listeria monocytogenes

Question 12

agents of large multifocal hepatic necrosis lesions (4)

Answer 12

campylobacter, C jejuni, fetus fetus, and fetus venerealis, helicobacter sp

Question 13

agents of small multifocal hepatic necrosis lesions (1)

Answer 13

listeria monocytogenes

Question 14

three things we see with iodine deficiency

Answer 14

goiter, alopecia, myxedema of skin

Question 15

incubation for the 3 Cs of placentitis agents

Answer 15

coxiella = unknown
chlamydia = 50-90d
campylobacter = 7-60d

Question 16

routes for pathogenesis of placentitis (8)

Answer 16

-exposure of MM
-Local proliferation
-Bacteremia
-Localize in endometrium/placenta, fetomaternal interface.
-Trophoblasts around placentome especially infected
-Logarithmic growth of organism
-Necrosis, neutrophilic inflammation
-Failure of pregnancy

Question 17

gestation length in small ruminants

Answer 17

150d

Question 18

what consecutive years look like with chlamydia her

Answer 18

-first year = replacements abort
-second year = storm with up to 75% loss
-following year enzootic = ewe lambs

Question 19

what are the triggers of multiplication and shedding with coxiella

Answer 19

unknown

Question 20

how is coxiella shed

Answer 20

urine, feces, milk, uterine discharge, but usually in parturient period

Question 21

coxiella carriers

Answer 21

goats, cattle, sheep, cats, birds and other wildlife

Question 22

what state is coxiella highly infective in

Answer 22

dried state - barns persistently infected for years

Question 23

what is coxiella resistant to

Answer 23

physical and chemical agents; has endospores

Question 24

lifecycle of toxoplasma

Answer 24

cat-rodent lifecycle… cat sheds oocytes for 7 days post infection and herbivores are infected from contaminated feed (stored and pastures_

Question 25

what happens when infected with toxoplasma during pregnancy

Answer 25

-placental and fetal infection
-abortion with characteristic lesions, mummification, stillbirth, weak lambs

Question 26

control for toxoplasma

Answer 26

-control cats and rodents
-no kittnes, have cats use litter
-feral cats and contaminated feed problematic

Question 27

8 regionally important diseases/agents in small ruminants

Answer 27

-Brucella ovis (not zoonotic)
-Pestivirus ovis (Border disease virus: related to BVDV)
-Pestivirus bovis and Pestivirus tauri (BVDV )
-Orthobunyavirus schmallenbergense (Schmallenberg virus) orthobunyavirus
-Iodine deficiency (Great Lakes basin)
-Wesselbron virus
-Phlebovirus riftense (Rift Valley fever virus; zoonotic)
-Brucella melitensis (zoonotic - Mediterranean fever)