Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Theriogenology > Bovine Breeding Programs > Flashcards

Bovine Breeding Programs Flashcards

1
Q

what is the biological minimum voluntary waiting period

A

50 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

is estrus detection a challenge in the dairy industry

A

yes, a big one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

do cows and heifers have the same amount of estrus events and length of duration

A

No. Heifers have a longer duration and more events compared to multiparous animals. nearly double the amount of events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

is there a difference in estrus behaviour between low producers vs high producers

A

technically yes, but its a trivial difference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what proportion of cows presented for AI that arent in heat when using visual detection

A

~17%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what proportion of cows presented for AI that arent in heat when using observation of standing only

A

5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what proportion of cows presented for AI that arent in heat when using tail chalk

A

6% but there is a decent range (0-14%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what proportion of cows presented for AI that arent in heat when using only secondary signs in tie stalls

A

22%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what proportion of cows presented for AI that arent in heat when using activity meters

A

4-9%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the “gold standard” for heat detection in cows

A

standing heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is most easily manipulated in cows?

A

insemination risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is insemination risk

A

proportion of eligible cows detected in heat. AI submission rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is conception risk

A

probability that AI results in pregnancy or proportion of breedings that result in dx of pregnancy

=pregnancy per AI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is 21 day pregnancy risk

A

roughly = heat detection rate x conception risk

the proportion of open cows that become pregnant every 21 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

is heat detection always necessary?

A

not always if you are using synchronization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does GnRH cause release of

A

LH and FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the effects of LH

A

causes ovulation of mature dominant follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the purpose of progesterone

A

-prevents an LH surge (ovulation) and sensitizes the brain to estrogen to allow for an LH surge later (when P4 is low)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what hormone supports embryo growth

A

progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

PGF, GnRH and P4 are _____

A

naturally occuring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the half life of PGF

A

minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

where does prostaglandin come from naturally

A

endometrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

is giving hormones bad for the cow

A

not if its within physiological limits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what does it mean if a cow “no shows”

A

cant see the heat she is demonstrating

25
Q

what is important to remember about heat and confinement of tie stalls

A

you will never see her in standing heat because no other cows will be available to mount her

26
Q

what can affect heat detection? (8)

A

-intensity (of looking)
-accuracy (actually seeing it)
-confinement
-lameness
-flooring (if slippery)
-cow comfort
-severe or prolonged NEB
-repro tract dz

27
Q

what is the lifespan of the ovum

A

6-8 hours - super short

28
Q

what is the relationship between time sperm arrives and capacitation to fertilization

A

first sperm will reach egg in 3-4 hours but capacitation take 8-10 hours so the sperm that arrives the fastest are not the ones to impregnate the cow

29
Q

what is the single weakest link in the process of getting a cow pregnant

A

heat detection!

30
Q

what is involved in estrus synchronization (overview)

A

-prostaglandin shots to individual cows
-scheduled prostaglandin shots to groups

31
Q

what % of cows are detected with activity monitors per cycle

A

60-80%

32
Q

what is an example of a mount detector

A

tail paint

33
Q

what is a pro of using tail paint

A

can have detection without having to keep an eye on them 24/7

34
Q

what is the accuracy of rectal palpation for functional CL

A

75%

35
Q

what is the accuracy of ultrasound scanning

A

90%

36
Q

when is the CL responsive to prostaglandin

A

on day 7 of the 21 day cycle

37
Q

when is a CL naturally lysed

A

day 18 of 21

38
Q

if you give prostaglandin to a group of cows without knowing where they are in their cycle, what % will show an apparent estrus response

A

~2/3

50% due to the shot and 16% due to her own natural prostaglandin being present

39
Q

does prostaglandin do anything to the follicles

A

no

40
Q

why is there a variable time of ovulation after prostaglandin is given

A

she may have had a dominant follicle ready so ovulation <2 days

or she may have a small follicle that needs a bit more time to be ovulated so 2-5 days

41
Q

does prostaglandin allow for timed AI

A

no because it has no control on the follicles

42
Q

what is a pro of controling when a cow ovulates

A

you know when to inseminate her and you dont need to see heat

43
Q

why is GnRH critical on day 1 of an ovsynch program

A

it stimulates LH…. which is critical to initiate a new follicular wave and ensure a new dominant follicle is ready by day 10!!

44
Q

what are the steps in an ovsynch protocol

A
  1. give GnRH on day 1
  2. give prostaglandin shot at AM milking of day 7
  3. give GnRH shot at PM milking on day 9
  4. BREED in the morning on day 10
45
Q

what is the length of time needed between each step of the ovsynch protocol

A

-between step 1 and 2 = 1 WEEK
-between step 2 and 3 = 48-56 HOURS
-between step 3 and 4 = 12-16 HOURS

46
Q

what are the critical control points for optimizing an ovsynch protocol (5)

A

-start new follicular wave after 1st GnRH
-ovulate after 1st GnRH
-luteolysis after prostaglandin
-ovulation after 2nd GnRH
-insemination 16hours after 2nd GnRH

47
Q

when is it best to start an ovsynch protocol

A

approx 1 week after a heat so you can get an extra CL (better fertility)

48
Q

what happens if you ovsynch 1-4 days after heat

A

failure of synchronization of new follicular wave

49
Q

what happens if you ovsynch 13-17 days after heat

A

spontaneous luteolysis and ovulation before timed AI

50
Q

what happens if you ovsynch 18-21 days after heat

A

unresponsive CL at time of PGF

51
Q

what is the best program for farms

A

whatever one gets done correctly and consistently

52
Q

why would you pre-synch a cow

A

pre sync the estrus cycle so that cows are 6-7 days after an ovulation at the start of an ovsync

53
Q

what do you do for a normal presync

A

-2 prostaglandin shots 14 days apart
-do it 11-14 days before you start ovsync

54
Q

what do you do for double ovsync

A
  • ovsync but dont AI, wait a week and then ovsync again and AI at the end
55
Q

what does pre-synching achieve

A

increases the probability of pregnancy with an ovsync program by optimizing response to elements of the program

56
Q

what is the purpose of inserting a CIDR (3 outcomes)

A

-prevents ovulation in cyclic cows
-stimulates ovulation in anestrus cows
-stimulates turnover in cystic cows

57
Q

what happens when a CIDR is in for more than 14 days

A

produces persistent dominant follicle with decreased fertility

58
Q

when would you use an ovsynch and CIDR impant protocol

A

for treatment of anovular animals and cystic ovarian condition

59
Q

when do you insert the CIDR in an ovsync/P4 protocol

A

insert after you give the first GnRH shot, leave in for a week and take out once you give the prostaglandin shot

Theriogenology (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions