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PHG 203 > Sleep > Flashcards

Sleep Flashcards

1
Q

Sleep
-a state of unconsciousness or partial consciousness from which a person can’t be roused by stimulation
T/F

A

F

When it’s not coma na

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2
Q

Sleep is strongly influenced by circadian rhythms

T/F

A

T

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3
Q

About 2/3rd of our live is spent sleeping

T/F

A

F

Just 1/3🌚

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4
Q

Sleep is Essential for life

T/F

A

T

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5
Q

On average people are to sleep ___hrs a day

A

8

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6
Q

Functional significance of sleep
-The whole brain is still active
T/F

A

T

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7
Q

Functional significance of sleep

Redistribution or some re- organization in neuronal activity.

  • The areas that become less active probably take some rest during which they can _____ necessary for generation of Action Potential
  • Allow for both short term recovery and long term biochemical and structural changes necessary for memory and learning
A

replenish substances

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8
Q

sleep enhances immunity

T/F

A

T

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9
Q

Memory consolidation can occur during sleep

T/F

A

T

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10
Q

Brain maturation during infancy occurs during sleep

T/F

A

T

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11
Q

Sleep has Restorative function

T/F

A

T

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12
Q

FOUR STAGES OF SLEEP

-list them

A

falling asleep

  • light non-REM sleep
  • deep non-REM sleep
  • REM sleep
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13
Q

FOUR STAGES OF SLEEP

  • falling asleep :____sleep;____ begins
  • light non-REM sleep:___sleep;___ block in senses making it difficult to be woken
  • deep non-REM sleep:___ sleep;____ hormone is released
  • REM sleep:_____ memory; ___occur
A

Light transitional; drowsiness

more stable ; chemical

deep; growth

revitalizer; intense dreams

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14
Q

Sleep cycles

  • A young adult first enters ____ sleep→stages 1,2,3 and 4(__-___min) →REM(sleep lighten).
  • NREM:REM=___
  • NREM[(light or Deep sleep?],slow wave occupies __% -lasts ___min/cycle
  • REM[Light or deep sleep],_____ ;___% of total sleep; lasts ____min/cycle
  • Bouts of REM sleep usually appear on average every___ minutes
A

NREM; 70-100

1:4

Deep; 20; 15

Light ; Paradoxical; 80

60

90

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15
Q

Time spent in deep sleep decreases toward the end of undisturbed sleep
T/F

A

F

It increases

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16
Q

STAGE 1: of sleep

  • ____sleep
  • muscle ,brain and eyes activity ___ases

STAGE 2:

  • eye movement and muscle activity ____
  • brainwaves_____
A

light; decre

stops

slow down

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17
Q

STAGE 3 of sleep

  • the brain produces very___ but _____waves indicating_____
  • waves are ___ voltage potentials
  • postural muscles tone is considerable/significant
  • ____ease of peripheral vascular tone & other vegetative functions of the body, such as: a 10 to 30 % ___ease in BP, in respiratory rate & in basal metabolic rate
  • sleeper is ____ to awake and may be____ if awakened
  • Occurs during the ____ hour after going to sleep & it’s exceedingly ____
  • The difference between this and REM sleep is that they’re associated with (more or less?)bodily muscle activity
A

slow ;strong delta ; synchronization

low

decr; decr

easy;disoriented; first;restful

Less

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18
Q

Possible to dream in NREM 4/3?

A

Yes but rare

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19
Q

that during the NREM last phase , consolidation of dreams in memory occur.
T/F

A

F

Doesn’t occur

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20
Q

REM:

  • heart, breathing, and blood pressure ____eases
  • body is ——, eye movement is ___ and dreams___
  • ____ restful, ___chronised
  • brain waves similar to that seen in the_____ state
  • (slow or rapid?), (low or high?) voltage EEG activity
  • Sudden ____ of pupils may occur
  • Characterized with ___ movement of the eyes behind the closed lids
  • Twitching of facial muscles and limbs
  • Abrupt and complete (inhibition or excitation?) of tone in postural muscle /(increase or reduction?) in skeletal muscle tone
  • (regular or Irregular?) RR and HR, BP
A

Incre

paralyzed; quick;begin

Less; desyn

alert and awake
Rapid;low; dilatation

Rapid; inhibition; reduction
Irregular

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21
Q

Secretion of ____, And increased____

  • Dream reported_____% of time
  • threshold for arousal by sensory stimuli is (low or high?)
  • Occurrence of large phasic potentials , in groups of (____)
  • The phasic potential originates from the____ →____ geniculate body →____ cortex →____ ( PGO)spikes
  • PGO spikes activate_____ area that ___eases stretch and polysynaptic reflexes→hypotonia (preand postsynaptic inhibition)
A

corticosteroids; testosterone

80-90
High

3-5

pons; lateral; occipital; pontogeniculoccipital

RAS inhibition; decr

22
Q

Cycles of penile erection occurs in which stage of sleep

A

REM

23
Q

Four types
Stage 1:
-(high or Low) amplitude___ waves

Stage 2:
Bursts of___ spindles (alphalike);aka____ spindle ; ____microV

Stage 3 :
(high or Low) amplitude____ waves with (high or Low) frequency ;Presence of burst of rapid waves-__ complexes

Stage 4 :
-Maximum slowing with Large___ waves

A

Low, theta

fast; Sleep; 50

High; delta;low;K

delta

24
Q

Distribution of sleep stages

  • 4 to 6 REM/night
  • REM sleep is___% of total sleep time in premature infant and ____% in full term baby
  • Children sleep more than adult; more stage__(___sleep)
A

80; 50

4;deep

25
Q

There is more stage 3 and 4 sleep and more REM towards morning
T/F

A

F

Less

26
Q

THEORIES OF SLEEP
Passive:
-(old or new?) theory of sleep
-the ARAS becomes inactive due to____

Active:

  • (old or new?) theory of sleep
  • proposes that_____
A

Old

being fatigued from its neurons firing for hours of wakefulness

New

there are centers in the brain that cause sleep by inhibiting other areas

27
Q

serotonin secreting raphe fibers (inhibit or excite?) the RAS

A

Inhibit

28
Q

melatonin secreted by pineal gland during darkness (inhibit or excite?) RAS

A

Inhibits

29
Q

NEURAL MECHANISM OF SLEEP

first major theory of sleep physiology is the ____ theory

A

Bremer’s theory

30
Q

NEURAL MECHANISM OF SLEEP

(1) Bremer’s theory
- proposed a____ theory of sleep
- that sleep occurs because of a______

this theory was replaced by the ___ theory of sleep

A

reduction of sensory input to the forebrain

RAS

31
Q

cut the brainstem between the superior and inferior colliculus and this produced a state of_____

A

almost continuous slow wave sleep

32
Q

ONTOGENIC HYPOTHESIS OF REM SLEEP
-says that the activity occurring during neonatal REM sleep (or active sleep) seems to be important for the developing organism.
T/F

A

T

33
Q

Deprivation of active sleep early in life was shown to result in behavioral problems ,permanent sleep disruption and increased brain mass.

T/F

A

F

Decreased brain mass

34
Q

NEURAL MECHANISM OF SLEEP

  • basal _____
  • reticular formation
  • raphe mucleus in___
  • locus coreolus in___
  • ____hypothalamus
  • _____area of Hypothalamus
A

forebrain

midbrain

pons

lateral

preoptic

35
Q

Mechanism of sleep

  • Awake state/arousal = ___eased RAS activity
  • Sleep= (presence or absence?) of arousing stimuli to RAS→Thallamus and cortex
  • Stimulation of ___ area of hypothalamus and basal forebrain(___ergic neurons) =Sleep
A

incr
Absence

preoptic; cholin

36
Q

Removal of all sensory stimuli to brain= sleep

T/F

A

F

hallucination not sleep

37
Q

Lesion in preoptic region and forebrain =>(temporary or permanent ?) sleeplessness.

Preoptic region Contain neurons, which discharge ___ in both slow wave and REM sleep.
-Preoptic region have abundant inhibitory efferents projection to RAS=>Inhibition of RAS=>Sleep

A

Permanent

maximally

38
Q

Brainstem
two clusters of nerves
1. ____
2.____

Both clusters are parts of reticular formation
T/F

A

Central core of brain stem

Pons

T

39
Q

Both clusters are parts of reticular formation and they control sleep by:

  • opposing the ____ activity of RAS
  • Both are involved in the mechanism of arousal, light and deep sleep
  • Central core neurons tonically release____ that inhibits RAS leading to loss of wakefulness → slowwave sleep
  • Central core neurons: also facilitate the sleep center of the pons→____ sleep
A

tonic

serotonin

paradoxical

40
Q

Genesis of slow wave sleep/NREM
By Stimulation of three subcortical regions

(1) ______ sleep zone
(2) _____ synchronizing zone of RAS
(3) ____ sleep zone

A

diecephalic

medullary

basal forebrain

41
Q

Genesis of slow wave sleep/NREM
By Stimulation of three subcortical regions

(1) diecephalic sleep zone
- post hypothalamus ,intralaminar nuclei and anterior thalamic nuclei
- Stimulus frequency must be about _/s
- Faster stimuli produces ____

(2) medullary synchronizing zone of RAS
- close to ______nucleus
- Stimulation Produces synchrony and sleep at ___ frequency ,and arousal at____ frequency

(3) basal forebrain sleep zone
- ____area +___area
- stimulation → produces synchrony and sleep which is_______ of the frequency

A

8; arousal

tractus solitarius; low; higher

preoptic; diagonal band of Broca

independent of the level

42
Q

increase in age=_____ in sleep time

A

decrease

43
Q

SLEEP - WAKE DISORDERS
Narcolepsy:_____

(2) Insomnia disorder:______
(3) hypersomnolence disorder:_____
(4) substance/medication induced sleep disorder : sleep disorder caused by ____

A

excessive uncontrollable daytime sleepiness

Persistent problems falling and staying asleep.

Excessive sleepiness or drowsiness.

Drugs

44
Q

Breathing related sleep disorders :_____ is the most common sleep-related breathing disorder. It causes you to ______while you sleep.

A

Obstructive sleep apnea; repeatedly stop and start breathing

45
Q

circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders: involve either difficulty falling asleep, waking up during the sleep cycle or waking up too early and being unable to fall back to sleep

T/F

A

T

46
Q

NREM sleep arousal disorders: refer to the repeated episodes of_____

A

incomplete awakening from sleep that include behaviors such as sleepwalking and sleep terrors

47
Q

Nightmare disorder: also known as____ disorder, is a sleep disorder characterized by_____. The nightmares, which often portray the individual in a situation that jeopardizes their life or personal safety, usually occur during the____ stages of sleep

A

dream anxiety

frequent nightmares; REM

48
Q

REM sleep behavior disorder: is a sleep disorder in which you_____ movements during____ sleep — sometimes called_____ behavior.

A

physically act out vivid, often unpleasant dreams with vocal sounds and sudden, often violent arm and leg

REM

dream-enacting

49
Q

Restless leg syndrome: A condition characterised by a______, typically in the (morning or evenings?)
Restless legs syndrome typically occurs while sitting or lying down. It generally worsens with age and can disrupt sleep.

A

nearly irresistible urge to move the legs

Evenings

50
Q

Snoring is a sleep-related disorder

T/F

A

T

Depending on the frequency and type

51
Q

sleep hypo ventilation : describes breathing that is____ or ____ during sleep

A

too slow or shallow

52
Q

Bruxism: is considered a sleep-related movement disorder. People who_____ (brux) during sleep are more likely to have other sleep disorders, such as snoring and pauses in breathing (sleep apnea)

A

clench or grind their teeth

PHG 203 (22 decks)

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