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PHG 203 > Sensory Physiology intro > Flashcards

Sensory Physiology intro Flashcards

1
Q

What is SOMATIC SENSATION

A

Nervous mechanisms that collect sensory information from the body.

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2
Q

Types of SOMATIC SENSATION

A 
mechanosensation
thermosensation
pain sensation (noiceosensation)
extereosensation
viscerosensation
deep sensations from muscle,bone, or fascia

intereosensation

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3
Q

What are MODALITIES OF SENSATION

A

Each principal type of sensation is called a modality of sensation

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4
Q

nerve fibers can transmit various modalities

T/F

A

F. nerve fibers only transmit impulses

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5
Q

Specificity of nerve fibers for transmitting only one modality of sensation is called

A

“ labeled Line Principle”

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6
Q

SENSORY RECEPTORS first generate——- before——

A

receptor potential

action potential

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7
Q

What is signal transduction

A

converting stimulus to electrical signal

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8
Q

Types of Exteroceptors

And define them

A

teleoreceptors: receptors that respond to distant external stimuli
- contact receptor: require direct contact of the stimulus with the body.

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9
Q

What is Proprioception

A

Proprioception: transmit sensory information from muscles, tendons, and joints about the position of a body part, such as a limb in space.

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10
Q

Types of Proprioception

And define them

A

static position

-kinesthetic position

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11
Q

Is the the vestibular system considered a Proprioceptor?
If yes, why
If no, why

A

Yes.

the vestibular system in the ear relaying info on orientation,movement and balance

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12
Q

Mechanoreceptors detect ——-

Thermoreceptors detect———-

Nociceptors detects ————

Electromagnetic / Photoreceptors detect——

chemoreceptors detect ——-

A

mechanical deformation of receptors or tissues adjacent to the receptor

detects changes in temperature

detect damages occurring in the tissues which could be mechanical or chemical.

detect light on retina

detect taste in mouth and smell in nose, and stuff in blood

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13
Q

MECHANORECEPTORS may be encapsulated or non-encapsulated

T/F

A

T.

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14
Q

Examples of encapsulated and non-encapsulated Mechanoreceptors

A

Encap: pacinian,meissner,ruffinian

Non encap: free nerve endings,petrichial nerve,Merkel’s discs

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15
Q

Of the Mechanoreceptors, which are slow adapting and which are fast adapting

A

Slow: free nerve ending,Merkel’s,ruffinian

Fast:petrchial,meissner, pacinian

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16
Q

Of the Mechanoreceptors, state the fibers of each

A

A delta and C fibers = free nerve endings

The rest are A beta fibers

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17
Q

Presence of Schwann cells in free nerve endings

T/F

A

F.

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18
Q

Lack of myelin sheath in free nerve endings

T/F

A

T

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19
Q

Describe petrichial nerve endings

A

free nerve endings that wrap around the bases of hair follicles below its sebaceous gland

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20
Q

What stimulates petrichial nerve fibers

A

stimulated when hair is being bent

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21
Q

Location of free nerve endings Mechanoreceptors

A

present in dermis, epidermis, cornea, dental pulp, and mucous membrane of everywhere

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22
Q

Merkel’s discs are also called?

A

Tactile receptors

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23
Q

Describe Merkel’s discs

A

disc shaped peripheral nerve endings

Each disc-shaped terminal is associated with a specialized epithelial cell, the Merkel cell, located in the stratum basale of the epidermis.

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24
Q

Where do we have more of Merkel’s discs

Hairless or Hairy skin?

A

Hairless skin

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25
Q

Another name for hairless is ?

A

Glaborous

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26
Q

Location of Meissner’s corpuscles

A

present in the dermal papillae of glabrous skin of the lips, forearm, palm, and sole, and in the connective tissue papillae of the tongue

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27
Q

Contents of Meissner’s capsule

A

unmyelinated axon terminals,Schwann, lamellar flattened cells,

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28
Q

Capsule of meissner’s corpuscles are continuous with the endoneurium
T/F

A

T

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29
Q

Meissner’s corpuscles are especially sensitive to ——?

A

sensitive to two-point touch discrimination

30
Q

Which Mechanoreceptor is of great importance to the visually impaired, permitting them to read Braille

A

Meissner’s corpuscles

31
Q

Largest of the mechanoreceptors is ???

A

Pacinian corpuscles

32
Q

Describe the Pacinian corpuscles

A
  • resemble an onion in cross-section.

- modified fibroblasts form the layers (lamella)of the onions

33
Q

Location of Pacinian corpuscles

A

dermis,hypodermis,external genitalia,ligaments,peritoneum, and even in the pancreas

34
Q

Pacinian corpuscles respond to —- stimulus

A

pressure,vibratory, and tickling sensations

35
Q

Location of Ruffini’s end organs.

A

the dermis, and the underlying hypodermis of hairy skin.

36
Q

Describe Ruffini’s end organs. And say what they respond to

A

They intertwine around the core of collagen fibers, which is surrounded by a lamellated cellular capsule.
-respond to stretching of collagen fibers in the skin and ligaments and may provide proprioception info

37
Q

Ruffini’s end organs can’t provide proprioception information
T/F

A

F. They can

38
Q

Thermoreceptors:

Fast or slow adapting

A

slow adapting

39
Q

Types of Thermoreceptors

A

cold receptors

warm receptors

temperature sensitive noiceceptors

40
Q

temperature sensitive noiceceptors is sensitive to——-

A

extreme temperatures

41
Q

Types of fibers found with cold receptors and warm receptors

A

cold receptors:Adelta

-warm receptors: C

42
Q

Type of fibers associated with Nociceptors are?

A

type Aδ fibers and C fibers

43
Q

Which are more common

Cold or heat receptors

A

cold thermoreceptors 3.5 times more common than heat receptors.

44
Q

Nociceptors are sensitive to———

A

sensitive to noxious or painful stimuli.

45
Q

Nociceptors are found in ——

A

found in the epidermis, dermis,muscle,joint capsule, cornea.

46
Q

All noiceoceptors are sensitive to only one type of painful stimuli
T/F

A

F. -most noiceoceptors are sensitive to one type of painful stimuli but some can respond to two or more

47
Q

Types of noiceoceptors and the fibers they are associated with and what stimulus they respond to

A

mechanosensitive noiceoceptors:Adelta;intense mechanical stimulation or injury to tissues;pinch with pliers

thermosensitive: Adelta;intense heat or cold
polymoidal: Cfibers; noxious stimuli that are mechanical,chemical or thermal in nature

48
Q

Receptor potential is also called——

A

generator potential

49
Q

Immediate effect of the stimulus on a receptor is to——-

A

is to change membrane potential of the receptor

50
Q

Threshold of receptor potential is —-?

A

100mV

51
Q

Relationship between intensity of receptor potential and frequency of action potential generated is???

A

Directly proportional.. Higher the rp rises above threshold,the higher the frequency of AP

52
Q

Mechanism of receptor potential generation ???

A

Mechanical deformation by stretching the receptor membrane

  • Chemical changes by opening the ion channel
  • Change in temperature to alter the membrane permeability
53
Q

RECEPTOR ADAPTATION is the ——- following continuous application of a stimulus

A

Decline in frequency of receptor firing

54
Q

non-adapting fibers are also called

Rapid adapting fibers are also called

A

Tonic fibers

Phasic fibers

55
Q

Example of non adapting receptors

A

pain receptors, baroreceptors and chemoreceptors

56
Q

Examples of fast adapting receptors

A

Tactile receptors

57
Q

Examples of slow adapting receptors

A

golgi tendon and muscle spindle and receptors of the macula in the vestibule apparatus

58
Q

Functions of sensory nerves of Muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs

A

detect sensory input from the skeletal muscle and transmit it to the spinal cord where it plays important roles that involve the cerebellum

59
Q

Sensory input from Muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs is related through which pathway to reach the cortex?

A

DCML pathway

60
Q

Differences and similarities between nuclear bag fibers and nuclear chain fibers

A

D: bag detect onset of stretch with AAlpha group 1a fibers while chain detect stretch in progress with Aalpha group 1b fibers

S: they are both rapid adapting

61
Q

hair cells on the organ of Corti is an example of — receptor

A

Mechanoreceptor

62
Q

Sensory transduction is the process by which an——- activates a——- and is converted into——

A

environmental stimulus

receptor

electrical energy

63
Q

Receptor potentials are graded.

T/F

A

T

64
Q

The smaller the receptive field, the—— the sensation can be——-

A

more precisely

localized or identified

65
Q

the higher the order of the CNS neuron, the——— the receptive field

A

more complex

66
Q

Most rapidly of all mechanoreceptors is —-??

A

Pacinian corpuscles

67
Q

Classify the following in terms of adaptation and hairy or hairless skin

Pacinian corpuscle
 Meissner corpuscle
 Hair follicles 
Ruffini corpuscle 
Merkel receptors 
Tactile discs
A 
Subcutaneous Very rapidly
Nonhairy skin Rapidly
Hairy skin Rapidly
Hairy skin Slowly
Nonhairy skin Slowly
Hairy skin Slowly
68
Q

Tactile disc is like —— mechanoreceptor but is found in —— skin instead

A

Merkel’s disc

Hairy

69
Q

At moderate temperature range e.g., at 36°C, ——thermo receptor is active

A

Both

70
Q

warm receptors signal pain from extreme heat.

T/F

A

F. warm receptors do not signal pain from extreme heat

71
Q

—— receptor signals pain from extreme heat.

A

Polymodal receptors

72
Q

why do people describe the taste of chili peppers as “hot.”

A

Transduction of warm temperatures involves tran sient receptor potential (TRP) channels in the family of vanilloid receptors (i.e., TRPV). These channels are activated by compounds in the vanilloid class, which includes capsaicin, an ingredient in spicy foods

PHG 203 (22 decks)

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