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PHG 203 > Sensory Ascending Pathways > Flashcards

Sensory Ascending Pathways Flashcards

1
Q

List the classifications of The ascending sensory pathways according to modalities

And what they transmit

A

general somatic afferent:transmits sensory info from somatic structures
-general visceral afferents: transmits sensory info from visceral structures

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2
Q

List the classifications of The ascending sensory pathways according to their anatomical localization.

A

The anterolateral system (ALS)

  • The dorsal column–medial lemniscal (DCML) pathway
  • The somatosensory pathways to the cerebellum.
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3
Q

ALS is divided into—.

List them

A

5

spinothalamic
Spinotectal
Spinomesencephalic
Spinoreticular
Spinohypothalamic
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4
Q

ALS majorly transmits ——?

A

majorly pain and temp;crude touch and pressure;some proporioceptor

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5
Q

DCML is divided into—

List them

A

3

fasciculus gracilic
Fasciculus corneatus
Medial lemniscal

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6
Q

DCML majorly transmits—-?

A

fine tactile,vibratory and position sense

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7
Q

SSP stands for —-??

Transmits signals to the ——-

A

somatosensory pathways

Cerebellum

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8
Q

SSP is divided into——

List them

A

4

anterior spinocerebellar
Posterior spinocerebellar
Rostral spinocerebellar
Cuneocerebellar tracts

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9
Q

SSP transmits ——-?

A

primarily proprioception; some pain and pressure

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10
Q

all the three ascending sensory pathways have their first order neuron cell bodies reside in the———.

A

dorsal root ganglia

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11
Q

conscious perception of sensory information from external stimuli is mediated by the ——and——- pathways to the———

A

spinothalamic

DCML

ventral posteriorlateral nucleus (VPL) of the thalamus.

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12
Q

Match the follow to their lamina on the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.

Alpha beta mechanoreceptors
Alpha delta mechanoreceptors
Alpha delta pain and cold receptors
C fibers Pain, thermo and mechanoreceptors

A

3 4 5 and 6

3 and 4

1 and 5

1 and 2

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13
Q

FIRST ORDER NEURON of ALS is a—— neuron With its cell body located in———

A

pseudounipolar

dorsal root ganglion.

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14
Q

SECOND ORDER NEURON of the ALS cell body is located within the———-, and the axon usually——— and ascends

A

dorsal horn of the spinal cord

decussates

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15
Q

Which fibers of the ALS pathway becomes the Anterior spinothalamic tract and which fibers becomes the lateral spinothalamic tract

A

Anterior- Alpha beta

Lateral: C and alpha delta

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16
Q

——- fibers go through the —— pathway of the spinothalamic tract to synapse in the—— while sending some collaterals to the———. This tract is also known as the ———

A

A delta

direct

contralateral thalamus

reticular formation.

Neospinothalamic tract

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17
Q

——— fibers go through the—— pathway of the spinoreticular tract to synapse in the——-, while sending some collaterals to the———. This tract is also known as the ———

A

C fibers

indirect

reticular formation

thalamic formation,or tectal, or mesencephalic or hypothalamic formation

paleospinothalamic tract

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18
Q

THIRD ORDER NEURONS of the Neospinothalamic tract’s cell body is in——- and its axon moves—— to terminate in the——-

A

thalamus

ipsilaterally

somatosensory cortex

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19
Q

List the IL nuclei that you know?

A

Centromedial

Parafasciculus

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20
Q

Fate of the anterior spinothalamic tract.

Its second order neuron Ends in the —— then to the ——-

A

VPL, and VPI of the thalamus

Somatosensory cortex

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21
Q

Fate of the C fibers in the thalamus

Its second order neuron Ends in the ——- then to the ——- and —- and ——-

A

Intralaminar nuclei

Somatosensory cortex

Cingulate gyrus

Anterior insulate vortices

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22
Q

Fate of the a delta fibers in the thalamus

Its second order neuron Ends in the ——- then to the ——- and —- and ——-

A

VPL and VPI

Posterior limb of the internal capsule

Corona radiata

SS1 and SS2

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23
Q

primary somatosensory cortex (S-I) consists of the——- of the—- lobe, which corresponds to Brodmann’s areas———

A

postcentral gyrus

parietal

3a, 3b, 1, 2.

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24
Q

secondary somatosensory cortex (S-II) consists of Brodmann’s area—-, located on the——-, at the—- extent of the primary motor and sensory areas.

A

43

superior bank of the lateral fissure

inferior

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25
Q

IL of thalamus lack——-

A

somatotropic organization

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26
Q

85% of second order neurons of C fibers in ALS terminate in the—— then the —- to——- and the——-(for temperature)

A

reticular formation

intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus

cerebral cortex

hypothalamus

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27
Q

Conscious PROPRIOCEPTION may be categorized into—— and—- proprioception

A

static

dynamic

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28
Q

Static proprioception is ——

Dynamic proprioception is ——

A

static : awareness of the position of a body part

-dynamic: awareness of movement of a body part, and balance.

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29
Q

FIRST ORDER NEURONE of the DCML pathway has its cell body located in——-

A

dorsal root ganglion.

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30
Q

Axon of first order neuron of the DCML pathway enters the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and moves—— to the—— or——, and then synapse in the—— or respectively

A

ipsilaterally

fasciculus gracilis

fasciculus cuneatus

nucleus gracilis

nucleus cuneatus

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31
Q

nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus are found in the ——-

A

Medulla

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32
Q

axon of the second order neuron of the DCML pathway—— and ascends to terminate in the——-

A

decussates

contralateral thalamus

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33
Q

Which fibers are involved in the dcml pathway?

A

Adelta and ABeta fibers

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34
Q

Which fasciculus is more medial and which is more lateral

A

Gracilis is more medial to cuneatus

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35
Q

Cuneatus involves —- part of the body and ——-vertebrae .

Gracilis involve —- part of the body and —— vertebrae

A

Upper limb and upper thorax ; T6 and above

Lower limb and lower thorax; below T6

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36
Q

Which fasciculus is found in the entire length of the spinal cord and where does the other stop?

A

Gracilis is found in entire length of spinal cord

-Fasciculus cuneatus found in upper 6 thoracic and all cervical

37
Q

the axons of the second order neurons of the DCML pathway form the——— as they curve——- through the——- to the opposite side.
-then they ascend to synapse with the third order neuron in ——-

A

internal arcuate fibers

ventromedially(contralaterally)

reticular formation

VPL nucleus of thalamus

38
Q

cell bodies of Third order neurons of the DCML pathway is found in—— and its axons arise from here to terminate in the ———-

A

VPL nucleus of thalamus

primary somatosensory cortex

39
Q

Brodmann’s area—- receives most of the projections from VPL thalamus

A

3b

40
Q

where does initial cortical processing of tactile discrimination input occur??

A

Brodman’s area 3b

41
Q

The fibers go from 3b to —- then —-

A

1

2

42
Q

Brodman area 1 is to determine——-;while area 2 Is to determine——

A

texture

size and shape

43
Q

Brodman area 3a receives signals coming from ——- and participates in——

A

Motor spindles

motor functions

44
Q

some third order neurons from the thalamus terminate directly in the secondary somatosensory cortex .
T/F

A

T

45
Q

The sensory—— is a map along the——- of where each part of the body is processed.

A

homunculus

cerebral cortex

46
Q

Regions of the head are represented in the ———of the postcentral gyrus, whereas those of the upper limb and the trunk are represented in———.

  • lower limb is represented in the—— of the post central gyrus
  • perineum is represented in the——-
A

inferior half

its superior half

medial surface

para central lobule

47
Q

the body areas with the largest cortical representation in the homunculus are the—- and—-

A

head

upper limb

48
Q

List the types of pain sensation, describe them, which type of tissue the occur in,what nerve fiber they use,and their NT

A
  • Fast pain – sharp, electric pricking and acute pain ;Occur mainly in superficial tissues;Adelta; Neospinothalamic; Glutamate
  • Slow pain – burning, aching and chronic pain;Occur mostly in the deep tissues;C fibers ; Paleospinothalamic; Substance P
49
Q

Some internal organs that detect pain sensation include ??

A

periosteum;joint capsule;arterial walls,etc

50
Q

The spinomesencephalic fibers can terminate in the——- or in the——- and could also terminate in the——-

A

periaqueductal gray matter (pag)

midbrain raphe nuclei.(RN)

parabrachial nucleus(pbn)

51
Q

periaqueductal gray matter and the midbrain raphe nuclei are involved in ———- system

A

descending pain inhibiting system

52
Q

parabrachial nucleus sends fibers to the——- which is a component of the—— system that is associated with——-

A

amygdala

limbic

emotions associated with pain

53
Q

The spinotectal fibers terminate mainly in the—- layers of the——

A

deep

superior colliculus(SC).

54
Q

The superior colliculus has the reflex function of———?

A

turning the upper body, head, and eyes in the direction of a painful stimulus.

55
Q

The spinohypothalamic fibers ascend to synapses in the—— with neurons that give rise to the——
-this pathway controls——— responses to pain

A

hypothalamus

hypothalamospinal tract.

autonomic

56
Q

The VPI nucleus projects mostly to the——, although some of its fibers terminate in the——

A

S-II

S-I.

57
Q

The IL nuclei send fibers to the——-, the—- and——, as well as to the——,——and the——

A

striatum

S-I, S-II

cingulate gyrus

anterior insulate cortices

prefrontal cortex

58
Q

CNS can prevent the flow of some of the incoming pain signals at the local circuitry level of the——- and ———-of the——-

A

spinal cord dorsal horn

spinal trigeminal nucleus

brainstem

59
Q

CNS can also modulate pain at the level of the descending—— and——- analgesia-producing pathways that originate in the——-

A

opioid

nonopioid

brainstem

60
Q

Gate control theory holds that pain of C fibers—— in the spinal cord by——- like by——

A

may be blocked

other nerves from the same area

rubbing the area

61
Q

Effect of rubbing a painful area on pain?

A

Rubbing a painful area reduces the sensation of pain.

62
Q

it has been proposed that the—— (lamina—) of the dorsal horn gray matter is the site where pain is transmitted to the spinothalamic pain and temperature pathway neurons

A

substantia gelatinosa (lamina II)

63
Q

normally, C and Adelta work in SG by———— and simultaneously ——-spinothalamic tract neuron that projects to the thalamus ; but when the—- fibers are activated, they———

A

inhibiting the inhibitory interneurons

activating the second order

touch

activate the inhibitory interneurone and the second order neuron.

64
Q

inhibitory interneuron through ——- of the C/Adelta and Abeta/Adelta prevent—— from reaching the———

A

presynaptic inhibition

impulses

second order neurone

65
Q

List the Three groups of related endogenous opioid peptides have been identified?

A

enkephalins,beta-endorphins, dynorphins.

66
Q

frontal cortex is also called ——?

A

telencephalon

67
Q

hypothalamus is also called ——-?

A

diencephalon

68
Q

During a stressful or emotional experience, regions associated with the processing of emotions like, the———,the—-, and the —— project to and stimulate the enkephalin-releasing neurons of the periaqueductal gray matter and other nearby regions of the midbrain.

A

telencephalon

diencephalon

limbic system

69
Q

The descending pain inhibitory pathway is made up of fibers from which structures???

A 
Periaqueductal gray matter
Perivascular gray matter
Locus correolus
Paragigantocellularis nucleus 
Ralphe nucleus
70
Q

Perivascular gray matter surrounds which ventricle?

A

Third ventricle

71
Q

Paragigantocellularis nucleus is from the ???

A

rostral medullary reticular formation

72
Q

The descending pain inhibiting neurons release ———or ——-on the inhibitory interneurons

A

Serotonin or norepinephrine

73
Q

The inhibitory neurons release opiods like —- or non opiods like ——

A

Endorphins

GABA

74
Q

The axons of the serotonin-releasing neurons are from the ——and the——-

A

raphe nucleus magnus

nucleus gigantocellularis

75
Q

interneurones establish—— synapses with the central processes of the Adelta and C fibers first order neurons

A

axoaxonic

76
Q

Nalxone Is an——-?

A

opiod antagonist

77
Q

Another brainstem region, the——- and locus coreolus are the sites of origin of norepinephrine releasing neurons

A

dorsolateral pontine reticular formation

78
Q

Norepinephrine-releasing neurons release NE on inhibitory neurons that may release ——-,thus ultimately leading to the inhibition of the second order neurone in lamina —

A

GABA

V

79
Q

Effect of naloxone on gaba releasing interneurons??

And why?

A

Nothing

Because gaba isn’t an opiod

80
Q

The——- is the site in the cortex where processing of pain localization, intensity, quality, and sensory integration takes place at the conscious level.

A

postcentral gyrus

81
Q

In pain ascending pathways , S-I sends fibers to—- and we believe that it plays an important role in the——-

A

S-II

memory of sensory input

82
Q

Heart pain also called ——- is usually felt down the inside of the——

A

angina

left arm

83
Q

Referred pain is caused due to—- and—— nerves synapsing in the—— with the same nerve going to the cortex

A

visceral

somatic

spinal column

84
Q

Visceral pain are transmitted by —- fibers?

A

C fibers

85
Q

General visceral afferent nociceptive information from visceral structures of the trunk is carried mostly by type C,—-,
or—- fibers.

A

Aβ

Aδ

86
Q

dorsolateral fasciculus is also called the——?

A

tract of lissauer

87
Q

The dorsal column system consists mainly of group— and—— nerve fibers

A

I

II

88
Q

The anterolateral system consists mainly of group— and group —- fibers

A

III

IV

PHG 203 (22 decks)

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