Sensory Ascending Pathways Flashcards
List the classifications of The ascending sensory pathways according to modalities
And what they transmit
general somatic afferent:transmits sensory info from somatic structures
-general visceral afferents: transmits sensory info from visceral structures
List the classifications of The ascending sensory pathways according to their anatomical localization.
The anterolateral system (ALS)
- The dorsal column–medial lemniscal (DCML) pathway
- The somatosensory pathways to the cerebellum.
ALS is divided into—.
List them
5
spinothalamic Spinotectal Spinomesencephalic Spinoreticular Spinohypothalamic
ALS majorly transmits ——?
majorly pain and temp;crude touch and pressure;some proporioceptor
DCML is divided into—
List them
3
fasciculus gracilic
Fasciculus corneatus
Medial lemniscal
DCML majorly transmits—-?
fine tactile,vibratory and position sense
SSP stands for —-??
Transmits signals to the ——-
somatosensory pathways
Cerebellum
SSP is divided into——
List them
4
anterior spinocerebellar
Posterior spinocerebellar
Rostral spinocerebellar
Cuneocerebellar tracts
SSP transmits ——-?
primarily proprioception; some pain and pressure
all the three ascending sensory pathways have their first order neuron cell bodies reside in the———.
dorsal root ganglia
conscious perception of sensory information from external stimuli is mediated by the ——and——- pathways to the———
spinothalamic
DCML
ventral posteriorlateral nucleus (VPL) of the thalamus.
Match the follow to their lamina on the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.
Alpha beta mechanoreceptors
Alpha delta mechanoreceptors
Alpha delta pain and cold receptors
C fibers Pain, thermo and mechanoreceptors
3 4 5 and 6
3 and 4
1 and 5
1 and 2
FIRST ORDER NEURON of ALS is a—— neuron With its cell body located in———
pseudounipolar
dorsal root ganglion.
SECOND ORDER NEURON of the ALS cell body is located within the———-, and the axon usually——— and ascends
dorsal horn of the spinal cord
decussates
Which fibers of the ALS pathway becomes the Anterior spinothalamic tract and which fibers becomes the lateral spinothalamic tract
Anterior- Alpha beta
Lateral: C and alpha delta
——- fibers go through the —— pathway of the spinothalamic tract to synapse in the—— while sending some collaterals to the———. This tract is also known as the ———
A delta
direct
contralateral thalamus
reticular formation.
Neospinothalamic tract
——— fibers go through the—— pathway of the spinoreticular tract to synapse in the——-, while sending some collaterals to the———. This tract is also known as the ———
C fibers
indirect
reticular formation
thalamic formation,or tectal, or mesencephalic or hypothalamic formation
paleospinothalamic tract
THIRD ORDER NEURONS of the Neospinothalamic tract’s cell body is in——- and its axon moves—— to terminate in the——-
thalamus
ipsilaterally
somatosensory cortex
List the IL nuclei that you know?
Centromedial
Parafasciculus
Fate of the anterior spinothalamic tract.
Its second order neuron Ends in the —— then to the ——-
VPL, and VPI of the thalamus
Somatosensory cortex
Fate of the C fibers in the thalamus
Its second order neuron Ends in the ——- then to the ——- and —- and ——-
Intralaminar nuclei
Somatosensory cortex
Cingulate gyrus
Anterior insulate vortices
Fate of the a delta fibers in the thalamus
Its second order neuron Ends in the ——- then to the ——- and —- and ——-
VPL and VPI
Posterior limb of the internal capsule
Corona radiata
SS1 and SS2
primary somatosensory cortex (S-I) consists of the——- of the—- lobe, which corresponds to Brodmann’s areas———
postcentral gyrus
parietal
3a, 3b, 1, 2.
secondary somatosensory cortex (S-II) consists of Brodmann’s area—-, located on the——-, at the—- extent of the primary motor and sensory areas.
43
superior bank of the lateral fissure
inferior
IL of thalamus lack——-
somatotropic organization
85% of second order neurons of C fibers in ALS terminate in the—— then the —- to——- and the——-(for temperature)
reticular formation
intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus
cerebral cortex
hypothalamus
Conscious PROPRIOCEPTION may be categorized into—— and—- proprioception
static
dynamic
Static proprioception is ——
Dynamic proprioception is ——
static : awareness of the position of a body part
-dynamic: awareness of movement of a body part, and balance.
FIRST ORDER NEURONE of the DCML pathway has its cell body located in——-
dorsal root ganglion.
Axon of first order neuron of the DCML pathway enters the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and moves—— to the—— or——, and then synapse in the—— or respectively
ipsilaterally
fasciculus gracilis
fasciculus cuneatus
nucleus gracilis
nucleus cuneatus
nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus are found in the ——-
Medulla
axon of the second order neuron of the DCML pathway—— and ascends to terminate in the——-
decussates
contralateral thalamus
Which fibers are involved in the dcml pathway?
Adelta and ABeta fibers
Which fasciculus is more medial and which is more lateral
Gracilis is more medial to cuneatus
Cuneatus involves —- part of the body and ——-vertebrae .
Gracilis involve —- part of the body and —— vertebrae
Upper limb and upper thorax ; T6 and above
Lower limb and lower thorax; below T6
Which fasciculus is found in the entire length of the spinal cord and where does the other stop?
Gracilis is found in entire length of spinal cord
-Fasciculus cuneatus found in upper 6 thoracic and all cervical
the axons of the second order neurons of the DCML pathway form the——— as they curve——- through the——- to the opposite side.
-then they ascend to synapse with the third order neuron in ——-
internal arcuate fibers
ventromedially(contralaterally)
reticular formation
VPL nucleus of thalamus
cell bodies of Third order neurons of the DCML pathway is found in—— and its axons arise from here to terminate in the ———-
VPL nucleus of thalamus
primary somatosensory cortex
Brodmann’s area—- receives most of the projections from VPL thalamus
3b
where does initial cortical processing of tactile discrimination input occur??
Brodman’s area 3b
The fibers go from 3b to —- then —-
1
2
Brodman area 1 is to determine——-;while area 2 Is to determine——
texture
size and shape
Brodman area 3a receives signals coming from ——- and participates in——
Motor spindles
motor functions
some third order neurons from the thalamus terminate directly in the secondary somatosensory cortex .
T/F
T
The sensory—— is a map along the——- of where each part of the body is processed.
homunculus
cerebral cortex
Regions of the head are represented in the ———of the postcentral gyrus, whereas those of the upper limb and the trunk are represented in———.
- lower limb is represented in the—— of the post central gyrus
- perineum is represented in the——-
inferior half
its superior half
medial surface
para central lobule
the body areas with the largest cortical representation in the homunculus are the—- and—-
head
upper limb
List the types of pain sensation, describe them, which type of tissue the occur in,what nerve fiber they use,and their NT
- Fast pain – sharp, electric pricking and acute pain ;Occur mainly in superficial tissues;Adelta; Neospinothalamic; Glutamate
- Slow pain – burning, aching and chronic pain;Occur mostly in the deep tissues;C fibers ; Paleospinothalamic; Substance P
Some internal organs that detect pain sensation include ??
periosteum;joint capsule;arterial walls,etc
The spinomesencephalic fibers can terminate in the——- or in the——- and could also terminate in the——-
periaqueductal gray matter (pag)
midbrain raphe nuclei.(RN)
parabrachial nucleus(pbn)
periaqueductal gray matter and the midbrain raphe nuclei are involved in ———- system
descending pain inhibiting system
parabrachial nucleus sends fibers to the——- which is a component of the—— system that is associated with——-
amygdala
limbic
emotions associated with pain
The spinotectal fibers terminate mainly in the—- layers of the——
deep
superior colliculus(SC).
The superior colliculus has the reflex function of———?
turning the upper body, head, and eyes in the direction of a painful stimulus.
The spinohypothalamic fibers ascend to synapses in the—— with neurons that give rise to the——
-this pathway controls——— responses to pain
hypothalamus
hypothalamospinal tract.
autonomic
The VPI nucleus projects mostly to the——, although some of its fibers terminate in the——
S-II
S-I.
The IL nuclei send fibers to the——-, the—- and——, as well as to the——,——and the——
striatum
S-I, S-II
cingulate gyrus
anterior insulate cortices
prefrontal cortex
CNS can prevent the flow of some of the incoming pain signals at the local circuitry level of the——- and ———-of the——-
spinal cord dorsal horn
spinal trigeminal nucleus
brainstem
CNS can also modulate pain at the level of the descending—— and——- analgesia-producing pathways that originate in the——-
opioid
nonopioid
brainstem
Gate control theory holds that pain of C fibers—— in the spinal cord by——- like by——
may be blocked
other nerves from the same area
rubbing the area
Effect of rubbing a painful area on pain?
Rubbing a painful area reduces the sensation of pain.
it has been proposed that the—— (lamina—) of the dorsal horn gray matter is the site where pain is transmitted to the spinothalamic pain and temperature pathway neurons
substantia gelatinosa (lamina II)
normally, C and Adelta work in SG by———— and simultaneously ——-spinothalamic tract neuron that projects to the thalamus ; but when the—- fibers are activated, they———
inhibiting the inhibitory interneurons
activating the second order
touch
activate the inhibitory interneurone and the second order neuron.
inhibitory interneuron through ——- of the C/Adelta and Abeta/Adelta prevent—— from reaching the———
presynaptic inhibition
impulses
second order neurone
List the Three groups of related endogenous opioid peptides have been identified?
enkephalins,beta-endorphins, dynorphins.
frontal cortex is also called ——?
telencephalon
hypothalamus is also called ——-?
diencephalon
During a stressful or emotional experience, regions associated with the processing of emotions like, the———,the—-, and the —— project to and stimulate the enkephalin-releasing neurons of the periaqueductal gray matter and other nearby regions of the midbrain.
telencephalon
diencephalon
limbic system
The descending pain inhibitory pathway is made up of fibers from which structures???
Periaqueductal gray matter Perivascular gray matter Locus correolus Paragigantocellularis nucleus Ralphe nucleus
Perivascular gray matter surrounds which ventricle?
Third ventricle
Paragigantocellularis nucleus is from the ???
rostral medullary reticular formation
The descending pain inhibiting neurons release ———or ——-on the inhibitory interneurons
Serotonin or norepinephrine
The inhibitory neurons release opiods like —- or non opiods like ——
Endorphins
GABA
The axons of the serotonin-releasing neurons are from the ——and the——-
raphe nucleus magnus
nucleus gigantocellularis
interneurones establish—— synapses with the central processes of the Adelta and C fibers first order neurons
axoaxonic
Nalxone Is an——-?
opiod antagonist
Another brainstem region, the——- and locus coreolus are the sites of origin of norepinephrine releasing neurons
dorsolateral pontine reticular formation
Norepinephrine-releasing neurons release NE on inhibitory neurons that may release ——-,thus ultimately leading to the inhibition of the second order neurone in lamina —
GABA
V
Effect of naloxone on gaba releasing interneurons??
And why?
Nothing
Because gaba isn’t an opiod
The——- is the site in the cortex where processing of pain localization, intensity, quality, and sensory integration takes place at the conscious level.
postcentral gyrus
In pain ascending pathways , S-I sends fibers to—- and we believe that it plays an important role in the——-
S-II
memory of sensory input
Heart pain also called ——- is usually felt down the inside of the——
angina
left arm
Referred pain is caused due to—- and—— nerves synapsing in the—— with the same nerve going to the cortex
visceral
somatic
spinal column
Visceral pain are transmitted by —- fibers?
C fibers
General visceral afferent nociceptive information from visceral structures of the trunk is carried mostly by type C,—-, or—- fibers.
Aβ
Aδ
dorsolateral fasciculus is also called the——?
tract of lissauer
The dorsal column system consists mainly of group— and—— nerve fibers
I
II
The anterolateral system consists mainly of group— and group —- fibers
III
IV
