Physiology Of Hypothalmus Flashcards
Physiology of Hypothalamus
- ____ in size
- bound the___ half of___ ventricle
- inferior pole connects to____ gland
- lateral part is connected to_____ and ___
- it’s an integration center for____,___,and___functions
- receives afferents input from the body through the spinal cord, medulla, and reticular formation of the brain stem
5gm
anterior; 4th
pituitary
midbrain and limbic system
somatic, autonomic, and endocrine functions
Functions of Hypothalamus
AS-RESPECT
List them
autonomic functions
- sleep wake cycle
- reward and punishment center
- endocrinal functions
- Sex
- Food intake regulation
- emotional and instinctual regulation
- circadian rhythm control
- temperature regulation
Function of Lateral hypothalamus nuclei
Thirst and hunger
Function of Ventromedial nuclei
Satiety
Function of Paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus
Produced oxytocin
Stimulation of this Dorsomedial nucleus causes ____\
Stimulation causes obesity
Function of Supraoptic nuclei
Produce Vasopressin
Function of Anterior nucleus of Hypothalamus
And posterior nucleus of hypothalamus
Regulates body temp by dissipating heat ;stimulates para system
Body temp reg by conserving heat;stimulates sympa system
Maxillary body nucleus controls ____ reflex
Feeding
Function of Suprachiasmatic nucleus of Hypothalamus
Circadian rhythm
_____ nucleus Produces hypothalamic releasing factors
Arcuate/infundibular
____ nucleus Regulates release of gonadotropin hormones
Prebiotic
Effect of Perifornical nucleus on feeding, mood and blood pressure?
Hunger, rage, increased bp
Function of MPON
Bladder contraction,Decrease bp and heart rate
ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS
4 releasing hormones 1NT 1 peptide thing 1 blood pressure stuff 1 sex stuff
thyrotropin releasing hormone
- dopamine
- growth hormone releasing hormone
- somatostatin
- gonadotropin releasing hormone
- corticotropin releasing hormone
- oxytocin
- vasopressin
Sleep zones of the limbic system
- 2 sleep zones
(1) ____-_____sleep zone
(2) _____ to ____ sleep zone
Posterior hypothalamus - diencephalic
pre-optic areas → forebrain
Both sleep zones are not connected With one another
T/F
F
Circadian rhythm
-Programmed Alteration of physiological variables with____ cycle
Mostly Under the control of____ nuclei
day- night
suprachiasmatic
Biological clock in______ generates____
hypothalamus
circadian rhythm
______act as the chemical signal involved in timing bilogical function
Melatonin (night)
Hypothalamus sends _____+____signals(including ___) to the body to ensure this circadian rhythm
endocrine+neural
melanin
CVS regulation by hypothalamus
- ____ and ____hypothalamic nuclei increases arterial pressure and heart rate
- preoptic area____ arterial pressure and heart rate
- these effects are transmitted mainly through specific cardiovascular control centers in the___ regions of the___ and___
posterior and lateral
decreases
reticular
pons and medulla
Temperature regulation
- hypothalamus has a temperature regulator
- body temp less than 37degrees celsius(cold) tell the___ hypothalamic nuclei to conserve heat
- body temp higher than 37degrees celsius(warmth) tell the____ hypothalamic nuclei to release heat
posterior
anterior
Autonomic functions of Hypothalamus
- Stimulation of hypothalamus leads to ANS response (symp or parasymp)
- ______hypothalamus(besides posterior ) causes sympathetic discharge+ secretion of adrenal medullary hormones( adrenaline and noradrenaline) I.e flight or fight response
Lateral
Hypothalamus receives sensory signal from visceral to influence ANS
T/F
T
Sexual behaviour
- Testosterone implant in hypothalamus of castrated animal →_____
restore libido (sexual desire)
lesion of anterior hypothalamus →Increased libido in male and female rats
T/F
F
Loss of libido
Thirst
-increased _____leads to stimulation of thirst centre in____ and with thirst stimulated, there is desire to drink
Or
-hypovolemia stimulates____ that stimulates____ that stimulates diencephalon which causes stimulation of thirst center and cause the desire to drink
Plasma osmolality
lateral hypothalamus
RAAS; angiotensin ii
Saltiety centre inhibits____ center
Feeding
hypothalamus is Tonically inactive
T/F
F
Active
lesion on feeding center can lead to____,____etc
anorexia
loss of appetite
lesion on satiety center leads to____=——
excessive eating = obesity
feeding center destruction and satiety center destruction =____
anorexia