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PHG 203 > REFLEXES:The reflex arc > Flashcards

REFLEXES:The reflex arc Flashcards

1
Q

connection between afferent and efferent somatic neurons in a reflex arc are generally in the—— or——-

A

brain

spinal cord

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2
Q

THE ARC!
-afferent neuron enters through—— nerves and have their cell bodies in the ——-ganglion or—— ganglia on the——- nerves

  • efferent neuron leaves through—— root or corresponding——— nerves
  • follows the——- law that dorsal roots are—— and ventral roots are——
A

dorsal or cranial;dorsal root ; homologous; cranial

ventral, motor cranial

bell-magendie; sensory; motor

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3
Q

*the sense organ develops a——- potential that can reach threshold to fire an AP through the—— neuron to synapse with the——- neuron and generate——- that could also reach threshold and fire an action potential through—— neuron to the ——-where——- potentials are generated on the muscle and AP is generated

A

generator; afferent

efferent; EPSP’s

efferent; neuromuscular junction

endplate

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4
Q

SPINAL CORD REFLEXES

  • its for——- and——-
  • 4 examples
  • ____or____ reflex (——synaptic )
  • ____or_____ reflex (——-synaptic)
  • _____reflex (—-synaptic)
  • _____reflexes that are integrated in—— fold for micturition and defecation
A

posture; locomotion

stretch; myotatic; mono

flexor; withdrawal; poly

cross extensor; poly

spinal autonomic ; sacral

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5
Q

STRETCH REFLEX
-aka—— reflex
-____synaptic reflex
-Action:____ of skeletal muscle with intact nerve fiber
Response:____
-sense organ:——-
-Neurotransmitter:——
-the sensory afferent neurons are Type—- and Type—-
-the motor fibers are the—— motor neurons that end on the______ fibers

A

myotatic; mono

stretch; contraction

muscle spindle

glutamate

1a; 2

alpha; extrafusal

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6
Q

tapping the—— of the face causes a stretch reflex in the——-

A

side

masseter

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7
Q

Knee jerk:tapping on___ tendon stretches the —— muscle leading to knee jerk response .

A

patella

quadriceps femoris

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8
Q

Effect of manual stretch on the quadriceps femoris

A

Same response

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9
Q

Tapping on the triceps brachii causes—— response at elbow. Triceps——- while forearm——

A

extensor

contract

extends

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10
Q

tapping on Achilles heel causes an ——— response .Meaning the foot moves towards the——- surface

A

ankle jerk

plantar

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11
Q

abnormal tendon reflexes
-e.g a pendular knee jerk as in——-
-e.g prolonged contraction and relaxation
As in——-

A

cerebellar dysfunction

hypothyroidism

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12
Q

hyperreflexia can occur in:

  • ____: The—— rushes caused by—— can cause your reflexes to be more responsive than norma
  • could also be a sign of damage to——-
A

Anxiety; adrenaline; anxiety

descending inhibitory pathways commonly associated with upper motor neuron lesion

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13
Q

Absent reflexes

-could be caused by——-

A

emotional depression

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14
Q

Damage to—— (like in tabes dorsalis ) or——-(like in poliomyelitis) or damage to fucking both (like in——) can lead to—- reflexes and ——muscle tone

A

afferents

alpha motor neuron

peripheral neuropathies

absent; poor

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15
Q

GENERAL FUNCTION OF THE MUSCLE SPINDLE

  • monitors and regulates ——especially when it is——-
  • contributes towards——- : has fibers in the——— tract and—— pathway
A

muscle length ; stretched

proprioception

spinocerebellar; DCML

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16
Q

INVERSE STRETCH REFLEX
-aka——- inhibition
*occurs when the skeletal muscle is—— or——:
-it first———
-instead the muscle——, meaning it gets——
-while the opposing muscle is——
-this response is the exact opposite of the stretch reflex
Receptor :——(an—— threshold receptor and responds to——-)
Location of receptor:—— or—— where it——
Sensory fibers: group—— which synapse on—— (aka——-)

A

autogenic
overstretched; stretched hard

reflexly contracts up to a point beyond which further stretch causes no further contraction

relaxes; inhibited
facilitated to contract
golgi tendon; high; increase in stretch
near the muscle-tendon junction; buried within the tendon ; monitors tension

1b; inhibitory interneurones; golgi bottle interneurones

17
Q

A relaxed muscle is an inhibited muscle

T/F

A

T

18
Q

Protective role of the inverse stretch reflex

  • reflex directly regulates——- by——
  • protects the skeletal muscle from ——-during——
A

muscle force or tension

applying an inhibitory effect on stretch or contraction

rupture ; stretch or contraction

19
Q

peripheral neuropathies include :—— syndrome,—-(it’s never it),———(bone,hand), ——syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and ——itis

A

Sjogren’s

lupus

rheumatoid arthritis

Guillain-Barre

vascul

20
Q

RECIPROCAL INHIBITION

-when muscle A—— in response to stretch, the antagonist muscle is—- and——

A

contracts

inhibited

relaxes

21
Q

FLEXOR REFLEX

  • aka——- reflex
  • spinal reflex in response to a ——stimuli
  • in this, there is reflex— of the limb resulting in its ————-
  • note thatThe body can be trained to——.An—- body (or even—- or—— bodies) will——- reflex.
A

withdrawal

noxious/ noiceceptive

flexion

withdrawal from noxious stimulus

override this reflex

unconscious; drunk; drugged; not exhibit the

22
Q

CROSS EXTENSOR REFLEX

  • also—— reflex?
  • when the noxious stimulus is strong:
  • affected limb undergoes——
  • irradiation of impulse to —-induces—— in the limb
  • An example of this is when a person steps on a nail, the leg that is stepping on the nail—-, while the other leg——
A

withdrawal

flexion or withdrawal

contralateral limb ; extension

pulls away; takes the weight of the whole body.

23
Q

Stimuli that produce withdrawal reflex

(1) ——
(2) —— of—— aspect of the thigh provokes a reflex——- of the lower limb with —duction

A

Pain

gentle stroking; inner; bilateral extension; ab

24
Q

Function of the withdrawal reflex

  • protect body against—-
  • maintenance of——
  • muscle activity during——
  • important component in the—— mechanism of locomotion
A

injury

upright posture

locomotion

stepping

25
Q

CONTROL OF UPRIGHT POSTURE AND BALANCE
-skeleton:—- bones and—-
Although skeleton can’t stand erect against gravity without the coordinated support of——

——muscles are controlled by
Brain, and—- mechanisms connected to neural networks of the brainstem and spinal cord

A

Long; many jointed spine

muscle activity

Anti-gravity

reflex

26
Q

The ——- reflex is the simplest of all spinal cord reflexes, having——— synapses between sensory afferent nerves and motor efferent nerves

A

stretch

only one

27
Q

Stimulus for :
Stretch reflex
Golgi tendon reflex

A

Stretch (lengthening) of the muscle

Contraction (shortening) of the muscle

28
Q

Golgi Tendon Reflex is also called the —————- reflex

A

inverse myotatic reflex

29
Q

Golgi tendon organs are arranged in____ with the extrafusal muscle fibers, contrasting the——- arrangement of muscle spindles in the stretch reflex

A

series

parallel

30
Q

An exaggerated form of the Golgi tendon reflex is illustrated by the ——- reflex

While for myotatic reflex is the ——— reflex

A

claspknife

31
Q

A persistent neural discharge, called an ———, occurs in the——- reflex circuits.

A

afterdischarge

polysynaptic

32
Q

As a result of the afterdischarge, the contracted muscles remain ——— for a period of time after the reflex is activated.

A

contracted

PHG 203 (22 decks)

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