Chemical Senses Flashcards
What are the 2 chemical senses
Smell
-Taste
-Flavors of various food are in large part a combination of their taste and smell.
T/F
T
Food taste the same with a cold that . T/F
F
Receptors for both smell and taste are ——-receptors Stimulated by molecules in solutions(——and—— for nose and mouth respectively)
chemo
mucus
saliva
Receptors for smell and taste are anatomically the same . T/F
F
*Smell receptors are distant receptors (—-) and has no relay in the——
Teleceptors
thalamus
2 types of smell senes:——- by dogs and—- by humans
macrosmatic
microsmatic
The yellow pigmented area in the nasal cavity contains —— cells and——- cells from the olfactory receptors.
supporting
progenitor
Each olfactory receptor is a neuron. T/F
T
——-is the place in the body where nervous system is closest to the external world.
Olfactory mucus membrane
Each olfactory neuron has a short thick—— with an expanded end called an——- from which—- projects to the surface of the——-.
dendrites
olfactory rod
cilia
mucus
the cilia of olfactory neurons. Myelinated or unmyelinated
unmyelinated
Length and width of the cilia of olfactory neurons is —— long;——um wide
2um
0.1
each olfactory receptor has about—— cilia
10-20
axons of the olfactory receptor pierces the—— of—— bone and enters the——-
cribiform plate
ethmoid
olfactory bulb
One similarity between smell and taste receptors??
Olfactory nerve like Taste receptor cells but unlike most other neurons is constantly replaced in about half a week.
——-protein (——) is involved in the replenishment process of olfactory neurons
Bone morphogenic
BMP
The olfactory membrane is constantly covered by—— which is produced by ——-which are just under the basal lamina of the membrane.
mucus
Bowmans gland
Olfaction bulb lies atop the—— of——- bone
cribriform plate
ethmoid
———receives the sensory afferents from the olfactory cells
Olfactory bulb
——of olfactory cell project into the roof of the nasal cavity moistened by—-.
Cilia
mucus
Central processes of olfactory axons go to——- to synapse With—- of—— &—— cells Which are the—— order neurons/——
glomerulus
dendrites
mitral
tufted
2nd
olfactory nerve (CRNI)
Each glomerulus receives afferents from one neuron of the olfactory cell. T/F
F. Each glomerulus receives afferents from several neurons of the olfactory cells
In the Olfactory tract to the olfactory cortex there is no major—— relay but There is contra-lateral projection to the——
thalamic
opposite olfactory bulb
In humans, olfaction is not necessary for survival.
T/F
T
Anosmia is the—- of the sense of smell
hyposmia is——- sense of smell
dysosmia is a——- sense of smell.
absence
impaired
distorted
—-injury, ——infections,—— of the fossa, and exposure to —— (which destroy the olfactory—-/) all can cause olfactory impairment.
Head
upper respiratory
tumors; anterior
toxic chemicals
epithelium
some of the turbinates are lined with ——-containing the olfactory receptor cells.
-The remainder of the nasal cavity is lined by—-
olfactory epithelium
respiratory epithelium
The turbinates act as baffles, causing air flow to become—— and thereby to reach the—— regions of the nasal cavity.
turbulent
upper
The olfactory epithelium consists of three cell types:—— cells,—— cells, and—— receptor cells
supporting
basal
olfactory
Supporting cells are—— epithelial cells lined with—— at their mucosal border and filled with secretory granules.
columnar
microvilli
Basal cells are located at the—- of the olfactory epithelium and are undifferentiated stem cells that give rise to the——- cells.
base
olfactory receptor
——-are the site of odorant binding, detection, and transduction.
Olfactory receptor cells
Odorant molecules bind to receptors on the——
cilia
fractures of the cribriform plate can———
sever olfactory neurons
Olfactory nerve axons are myelinated or unmyelinated ???
unmyelinated
——are among the smallest and slowest fibers in the nervous system
Olfactory nerve axons
The olfactory receptor proteins are coupled to adenylyl cyclase through a—— called ——
G protein
Golf
Effect of Golf on adenylyl cyclase.
Golf activates adenylyl cyclase.
The receptor cell membrane —-larizes and This—- potential brings the——- potential closer to—- and—— the initial segment of the olfactory——
depo
receptor
membrane
threshold
depolarizes
nerve axon.
Olfactory receptor proteins are dedicated to a single odorant. T/F
F.Olfactory receptor proteins are not dedicated to a single odorant, and each protein can respond to a variety of odorants
olfactory receptor proteins are selective.
T/F
T
clusters of synapses in the olfactory bulb is called a——-
glomeruli
The mitral cells are arranged in a—— in the olfactory bulb and have—— dendrites in addition to the—— dendrites.
single layer
lateral
apical
The olfactory bulb also contains —— cells and —- cells that are—— interneurons that make —— synapses on neighboring—— cells.
granule
periglomerular
inhibitory
dendrodendritic
mitral
The inhibitory inputs from granule and periglomerular cells serve a function similar to that of the—- cells of the—— which isgooood!!!
Horizontal cells
retina
As the olfactory tract approaches the base of the brain, it divides into two major tracts, a—- tract and a—— tract.
- The —— olfactory tract synapses in the——
- The —- olfactory tract projects to the anterior commissure and the——
lateral
medial
lateral; primary olfactory cortex
medial
contralateral olfactory bulb.
List the parts of the Olfactory cortex: —,—— ,——,—— ,——-
periamygdaloid
prepiriform cortex
hippocampus
entorhinal cortex
anterior olfactory nucleus
