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PHG 203 > EAR AND HEARING > Flashcards

EAR AND HEARING Flashcards

1
Q

Sound is Produced by—— in Matter

A

Vibrations

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2
Q

Anything which causes matter to vibrate will produce sound . T/F

A

T

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3
Q

——-vibrate and push on the air flowing through the——, causing the air to——-

A

Vocal cords

larynx

vibrate

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4
Q

Sound can travel through a vacuum.

T/F

A

F

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5
Q

Air, liquid, solid. Which does sound move the fastest, faster, and fast in

A

Fastest- solid
Faster-liquid
Fast- air

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6
Q

Velocity of sounds in solids is —-?

A

5000m/s

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7
Q

Velocity of sound in air is???

A

344m/s

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8
Q

Velocity of sound in water???

A

1500m/s

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9
Q

Frequency of sound is???

A

the number of waves that pass a given point in one second

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10
Q

Unit of frequency is ??

A

Hertz

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11
Q

short wavelength=____ frequency =____ pitched tones

A

High

High

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12
Q

long wavelength=___ frequency =____ pitched tones

A

Low

Low

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13
Q

human frequency range is from -Hz to— Hz

A

20

20,000

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14
Q

Amplitude Of a sound wave is the——-

A

intensity of energy in a given wave of sound

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15
Q

Amplitude is signified by___ of—— wave

A

height

sine

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16
Q

loudness is a_____

A

subjective interpretation of the intensity of a sound

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17
Q

A decibel is a ———used to measure the____

A

logarithmic scale

intensity of sound waves

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18
Q

Sounds louder than —-dB will be painful and will damage the ear

A

120

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19
Q

Threshold of hearing =—— hertz =— dB

A

4000

0

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20
Q 
Soft whisper =—- dB
Conversation =—- dB
Busy traffic =— dB
Rock band =—- dB
pain threshold =— dB
A

20

60

70

120

130

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21
Q

The—— divides the external ear from the middle ear.

A

tympanic membrane

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22
Q

The tympanic membrane is also known as ——-

A

Eardrum

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23
Q

——and—— funnel the waves inward to the eardrum . The waves cause the eardrum to ——

A

The auricle
The ear canal

vibrate

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24
Q

Bones of the Middle Ear include and they——- the Sound Waves

A

Malleus, Incus, Stapes

Amplify

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25
Q

Malleus aka —-
Incus aka ——
Stapes aka ——

A

Hammer
Anvil
Stirrup

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26
Q

eardrum attaches to the——which attaches to the—-, which in turn attaches to the——

A

malleus

incus

stapes

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27
Q

The stapes is attached to the—— window of the——

A

oval

cochlea

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28
Q

Because of the way the bones are attached together, the vibrations in the——- is ——-than those in the eardrum

A

Oval window

20X larger

29
Q

if the sound is too loud, ——contract and dampen the vibrations

A

small muscles attached to the ear bones

30
Q

——Converts Sound Vibrations to Action Potentials in the Auditory Nerve

A

The Cochlea

31
Q

Vibration of the oval window causes—— (—&—-) to vibrate

A

cochlear fluid

perilymph

endolymph

32
Q

The cochlear fluid vibrations in turn cause the ——to vibrate, producing——- waves

A

basilar membrane

traveling

33
Q

The basilar membrane vibrations cause—— to—- leading to —— and If they are large enough, they will stimulate——- to produce——

A

hair cells

bend

generator potential

fibers of the auditory nerve

action potentials

34
Q

Different pitches are detected in the same part of the cochlea.T/F

A

F

35
Q
  • High pitches produce traveling waves at the—— of the cochlea
  • low pitches produce traveling waves at the——
A

base

apex

36
Q

Scala vestibuli is Located superiorly to the___. And , it is continuous with the____.

A

cochlear duct

vestibule

37
Q

Scala tympani is Located—— to the cochlear duct. It terminates at the——-

A

inferiorly

round window.

38
Q

Posterior to the tunnel of corti are —— cells

A

Inner hair cells

39
Q

Anterior to the tunnel of corti are —- hair cells

A

Outer

40
Q

The hair cells, tunnel of corti, numerous cells, etc , all rest on the ———-

A

Basilar membrane

41
Q

The Auditory Nerve Delivers the Action Potential Signals to the—-After first synapsing in the——-

A

Temporal Cortex

42
Q

Auditory reflexes are controlled by the——

A

inferior colliculus

43
Q

Sounds of special meaning are sent to the temporal cortex.

T/F

A

F

44
Q

air -external auditory canal——- –>——- –>——— –>—— –> ——— to ——- that form generator potential and stimulate the cochlear nerve

A

tympanic membrane

ossicles

oval window of cochlea

vibration of cochlear fluid

basilar membrane of cochlea

Hair cells

45
Q

Cochlear nerve is which Cranial nerve?

A

CN8

Vestibulocochlear nerve

46
Q

Which fluid do the following contain

Vestibular duct-contains ——
Cochlear duct-contains ——

Tympanic duct contains —-

A

perilymph

endolymph

perilymph

47
Q

Endolymph is rich in —-ion

Perilymph is rich in —— ion

A

K

Na

48
Q

——-bony projection from mediolous

A

Spiral limbus

49
Q

Rods of corti are boundaries of——- and connects—— to——-

A

tunnel of corti

basilar membrane

reticular lamina

50
Q

Which hair cell’s job is majorly with sound transmission and which is for modulating sounds

A

Inner hair cell: major role with sound than outer hair cells

Outer: modulation

51
Q

Stereocilia: found on—— hair cells

A

inner

52
Q

Biggest stereocilia is called —-

A

Kineocilia

53
Q

From cochlear nerve to —-that is divided into 2:—— and—- located in the——-

A

cochlear nuclei

ventral dorsal

medulla

54
Q

dorsal cochlear nuclei has 2 major cells:—- and—— cells that send their axons(——-) that—- and synapse mostly but not all at the——-

A

principal Stellate

dorsal acoustic striae

deccussate

nucleus of lateral lemniscus

55
Q

ventral posterior cochlear nuclei has a major cell called——— that sends axons(———-)that—- and—- synapse at the ——-while most—-

A

octopus cell

intermediate acoustic striae

decussate

few

nucleus of lateral lemniscus

don’t do

56
Q

the anteroventral cochlear nuclei has major cells like the—— and—-(spherical or globular) cells that send—- axons to ——and—- axons(——) to the——

A

stellate bushy

some

ipsilateral superior olivary nucleus

most

VAS or trapezoid body

contralateral superior olivary nucleus

57
Q

axons from——- + axons of——— +axons from—— + axons from——— = tract of——

A

contralateral superior olivary nucleus

ventral posterior cochlear nuclei

dorsal cochlear nuclei

nucleus of lateral lemniscus

lateral lemniscus

58
Q

Which 2 nucleuses communicate with their twin

A

Nucleus of lateral lemniscus

Nucleus of inferior colliculus

59
Q

lateral lemniscus tract all go to synapse in the———that controls auditory reflex by sending——- and also sends ascending fibers to the——

A

inferior colliculus

descending tectospinal tract

medial geniculus of the thalamus

60
Q

from the medial geniculus, to the——/——-/—-

A

primary auditory cortex

superior temporal gyrus

transverse gyrus of haesew

61
Q

superior olivary nucleus plays the —role of——- sounds and—- of sound using its two components. The — olivary nucleus that tracks the ——of the sound waves and the—— one that check the—- of the sound stimulus
.

A

dampening loud

localization

Medial relative timing

lateral relative intensity

62
Q

What is the first point where sound from both ears come together

A

superior olivary nucleus

63
Q

conduction deafness is a—- in sound vibrations to—— that can be caused by—- auditory canal (by —- or —-),—— tympanic membrane (eardrum), otitis media(——-), or otosclerosis———

A

disruption

basilar membrane

blocked wax, fluid

perforated

middle ear infection/inflammation

hardening of the earbone joints

64
Q

sensorineural deafness is disruption anywhere in pathway from—— to the——-caused by :

  • loss of——(explosion, chronic loud noise)
  • damage to——— nerve
  • damage to nuclei tracts to the cortex
A

hair cells

auditory cortex
hair cells

vestibulocochlear nerve

65
Q

tinnitus is a——- of ——-Due to :

  • sudden blow to the——
  • gradual deterioration of——-
A

chronic perception

clicking or ringing

tympanic membrane

afferents in cochlear nerve

66
Q

Menierre’s Syndrome affects both—— and—— which may be due to too much——- beneath basilar membrane
-symptoms can be treated somewhat with—- or——-

A

hearing balance

endolymph

drugs

endolymph may be drained periodically

67
Q

loss of hearing is progressive in
Menierre’s Syndrome.
T/F

A

T

68
Q

Central deafness is caused by damage to auditory pathways or centers in the central nervous system or sometimes caused by strokes..

Just know this one

A

Yes I’ll know it

PHG 203 (22 decks)

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