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PHG 203 > Nerve-muscle Transmission > Flashcards

Nerve-muscle Transmission Flashcards

1
Q

NT of NMT and NMT is?

A

Ach

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2
Q

Active zones on motor end plate of post synaptic muscle cell is?

A

Junctional folds

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3
Q

What fits into junctional folds

A

Presynaptic nerve terminal

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4
Q

In NMT, there is convergence of inputs

T/F

A

F. Just one presynaptic nerve terminal to one motor end plate

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5
Q

What is a motor end plate of post synaptic muscle cell

A

thickened portion of the post synaptic muscle cell membrane at the NMJ

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6
Q

Size of synaptic cleft in NMJ

A

30nm

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7
Q

Contents of synaptic cleft in NMJ

A

ISF which is rich in Ca,Na,glucose, and Achesterase

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8
Q

What covers post synaptic muscle cells

A

Sarcolemma

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9
Q

Post synaptic muscle cell receptors are called

A

Muscle cell nicotinic AChRs

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10
Q

Effects of influx of Ca into vesicle in NMT

A

It activate actin-myosin interaction

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11
Q

Effect of Na influx in post synaptic muscle cell

A

Generation of a protomotive force called end plate potential

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12
Q

What causes AP in NMT

A

EPP creates a current sink that depolarizes the membrane till AP is fired

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13
Q

NMT can be bi-directional

T/F

A

F. It’s always unidirectional

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14
Q

Delay period of NMT is how long?

A

0.5msec

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15
Q

NMT is easily fatigued

T/F

A

T. Due to repeated stimulation and depletion of Ach and ATP

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16
Q

How can we block NMT?

A

Curare. Competitive Ach antagonist

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17
Q

Effect of calcium and magnesium on NMT

A

Ca supports

Mg inhibits

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18
Q

Which is more

Ach molecules or Ach receptors

A

Ach molecules

By like 10 times

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19
Q

EPP is always subthreshold to AP

T/F

A

F. It’s always Suprathreshold

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20
Q

EPP is faster to generate than mEPP

T/F

A

F. They have the same time course(1msec)

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21
Q

What hydrolyses ACH

A

Ach esterase

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22
Q

choline is actively taken up while acetyl is passively taken up into axoplasm of presynaptic nerve terminal
T/F

A

T

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23
Q

What are the substrates for Ach formation

A

Choline and acetyl coA

24
Q

What’s the enzyme for Ach formation

A

Choline acetyl transferase

25
Q

What moves Ach into vesicles

A

vesicular acetylcholine transporter

26
Q

List the 4 phases of excitability of muscle cells and the threshold needed to re-stimulate them

A

ARP- nothing
RRP- Suprathreshold
Supra normal-subthreshold
Subnormal- Suprathreshold

27
Q

Condition of skeletal muscle in myasthenia gravis

A

Weak and easily fatigued

28
Q

Describe myasthenia chemically

A

due to the body producing antibodies that bind to the AchR; this AchR-antibody complex is now destroyed by phagocytes

29
Q

What is a paraneoplastic disorder

A

Disorders in which the effects of cancer occur at a site remote from the primary tumor

30
Q

MG is common more in which sex

A

Females

31
Q

Myotonia dystrophy is hereditary and recessive

T/F

A

F.it’s heriditary and dominant

Skips some generations tho

32
Q

Cause of myotonia dystrophy

A

Abnormal Na or Cl channels caused by mutated 7,17,19 muscle protein

33
Q

Characteristics of myotonia dystrophy

A

Contraction with no relaxation
Muscle wasting and weakness
Cattarh, atrophied gonads made worse by cold fatigue and emotion

34
Q

Difference between duchenne’s dystrophy, limb girdle dystrophy and Becker’s dystrophy

A

DD:absent dystrophin
BD:altered or reduced dystrophin
LGD: altered or reduced dystrophin

35
Q

Treatment of altered dystrophin issues into utrophin

A

Take a drug that coverts utrophin into dystrophin

36
Q

McArdle’s Syndrome.

Discuss

A

exercise intolerance. You work out and it leads to build up of harmful metabolites and breakdown of muscle

37
Q

What covers a sacromere

A

sarcolemma

38
Q

What covers sacrolemma

A

basal lamina

39
Q

sarcoplasmic reticulum ends in?

A

terminal cisternae

40
Q

T system of tubules invaginates from—- and contacts the ——- between the —— band and —-band —— in every sacromere

A 
Sacromere 
Myofibrils
A band
I band
Twice
41
Q

What makes up a triad in a sacromere

A

One T tubule and 2 adjacent terminal cisterns

42
Q 
Difference between
A band
I band
H band
M line
Z line
A

Z lines are in the I bands(light)(actin

  • M lines are in A bands(dark)(myosin)
  • H band is a lighter shade in A bands
43
Q

To contact skeletal muscle, Ca is released from which part of the sacromere

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

44
Q

Ca from sarcoplasmic reticulum binds to ——— to ———-

A

Troponin C

To uncover the myosin binding site on actin

45
Q

How many heads does myosin have

A

2

46
Q

From one Z line to another Z line makes a -

A

Sacromere

47
Q

What binds troponin I and T together

A

Troponin C

48
Q

Sliding of actin and myosin is what bond

A

Hydrogen bonding

49
Q

What covers the heavy head of myosin

A

Troponin T

50
Q

Heavy head of myosin is also called ?

A

Active site of myosin

51
Q

What covers active site of actin

A

Troponin I and tropomyosin

52
Q

Difference between isometric and isotonic contraction

A

Metric: constant length ;postural muscles
Tonic: varying length; axial muscles

53
Q 
Difference between type 1 and 2 of skeletal muscle fibers in terms of
Names 
Glycolytic ability
Oxidative ability
Prolonged exercise 
Extremities 
Myoglobin content 
Capillary density
Ca pumping capacity
Myosin ATP rate
Energy source
A 
Xterics	Type 1	Type 2
 Names	Slow	Fast
Names	Red	White
Names	Oxidative 	Glycolytic 
Myoglobin content 	High 	Low 
Capillary density	High	Low
Ca pumping capacity 	Moderate 	High
Myosin ATP rate	Slow	Fast 
Energy 	Phosphorylcreatine & ATP	Glycolysis 
Prolonged exercise 	Yes!	No
54
Q

T tubules use - receptors

Sarcoplasmic reticulum uses— receptors

A

Dihydropiridine

Ryanodine

55
Q 
Differentiate between skeletal, cardiac , and smooth muscles under the following.
Fatigue 
Sacromere 
Summation 
Tetanus
A

S(possible);C(not);Sm(not)
S(present);C(present);Sm(not)
S(possible);C(not);Sm(possible)
S(possible);C(not);Sm(possible)

56
Q

MG is common in which gender more?

A

Female

PHG 203 (22 decks)

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