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anatomy and physiology > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

0
Q

What are the five major types of bone?

A

Long, short, flat, sesmoid, irregular

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1
Q

What are the 5 functions of the skeletal system?

A

Support, protection, body movement, blood cell formation, stores inorganic minerals

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2
Q

Anatomical name for the shaft of a long bone

A

Diaphysis

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3
Q

Anatomical name for the ends of a long bone

A

Epiphysis

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4
Q

A band of cartilage that remains between two ossification centers; growth plate

A

Epiphyseal plate

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5
Q

Site of spongy bone in an adult?

A

Epiphysis?

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6
Q

Cartilage that covers the ends of long bones at the joints; provides a gliding surface on bones

A

Hyaline cartilage

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7
Q

Site of compact bone in an adult?

A

Diaphysis

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8
Q

Site of hematopoiesis?

A

Red marrow

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10
Q

Formation of blood cells

A

Hematopoiesis

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11
Q

Site of fat storage

A

yellow marrow

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12
Q

site of longitudinal growth in a child

A

epiphyseal plates

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13
Q

Why do bone injuries heal faster than cartilage injuries?

A

bones have a higher blood supply which contains more nutrients to heal

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14
Q

Bone cells

A

osteocytes

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15
Q

where are osteocytes located?

A

lacunae

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16
Q

Immature or matrix-depositing bone cells

A

osteoblast

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17
Q

Bone cells that liquefy bone matrix and release calcium to the blood

A

osteoclast

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18
Q

Why do astronauts do isometric exercises when in space?

A

lack of gravity

19
Q

Residences of osteocytes

A

Lacunae

20
Q

Longitudinal canal carrying blood vessels and nerves

A

haversian canal

21
Q

Nonliving structural part of bone

A

bone matrix

22
Q

Tiny canals connecting lacunae

A

canaliculi

23
Q

What is the function of the inorganic part of the matrix?

A

flexibility and strength

24
Q

The formation of bone

A

ossification

25
Q

how does intramembraneous bones form?

A

Osteoblasts appear in the connective tissue and deposit bony matrix which makes spongy bone form

26
Q

How does endochondral bones form?

A

Cartilage models form and rapidly divides, forms compact bone and blood vessels

27
Q

Name two ways the fetal skull differs from the adult skull

A

Fetal skull can still move around because it still has soft spots. Adult skulls have the parts of the skull fused together making the head more durable

28
Q

A break in a bone

A

fracture

29
Q

What are the 6 types of fractures?

A

spiral, greenstick, fissured, comminuted, transverse, oblique

30
Q

How do fractures heal?

A

Blood escaping from the damaged blood vessels form a hematoma, spongy bone and fibrocartilage form, bony callus replaces the cartilage and osteoclasts remove the excess bony tissue

31
Q

What are 2 factors that keep bones healthy?

A

good nutrition and exercise

32
Q

What are 2 factors that can cause bone to become soft?

A

lack of nutrition (minerals) not enough calcium in bones

33
Q

Putting bones back in place

A

Reduction

34
Q

A cylinder shaped unit including bone cells that surround a central canal

A

Osteon

35
Q

Fracture that occurs on the convex surface of the bend in the bone

A

Greenstick

36
Q

Longitudinal break in bone

A

Fissured

37
Q

A complete fracture and fragments in the bone

A

Comminuted

38
Q

Break occurs at a right angle to the axis of the bone

A

Transverse

39
Q

Occurs at an angle other than at a right angle to the axis of the bone

A

Oblique

40
Q

Caused by excessive twisting of a bone

A

Spiral

41
Q

Consists of the bones of the upper and lower limbs and the bones that anchor the limbs to the axial skeleton

A

Appendicular skeleton

42
Q

Consists of bony and cartilaginous parts that support and protect the organs of the head, neck, and trunk

A

Axial skeleton

43
Q

How many bones are included in the appendicular skeleton?

A

126

44
Q

How many bones are included in the axial skeleton?

A

80

anatomy and physiology (33 decks)

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