Skeletal System Flashcards
What are the five major types of bone?
Long, short, flat, sesmoid, irregular
What are the 5 functions of the skeletal system?
Support, protection, body movement, blood cell formation, stores inorganic minerals
Anatomical name for the shaft of a long bone
Diaphysis
Anatomical name for the ends of a long bone
Epiphysis
A band of cartilage that remains between two ossification centers; growth plate
Epiphyseal plate
Site of spongy bone in an adult?
Epiphysis?
Cartilage that covers the ends of long bones at the joints; provides a gliding surface on bones
Hyaline cartilage
Site of compact bone in an adult?
Diaphysis
Site of hematopoiesis?
Red marrow
Formation of blood cells
Hematopoiesis
Site of fat storage
yellow marrow
site of longitudinal growth in a child
epiphyseal plates
Why do bone injuries heal faster than cartilage injuries?
bones have a higher blood supply which contains more nutrients to heal
Bone cells
osteocytes
where are osteocytes located?
lacunae
Immature or matrix-depositing bone cells
osteoblast
Bone cells that liquefy bone matrix and release calcium to the blood
osteoclast
Why do astronauts do isometric exercises when in space?
lack of gravity
Residences of osteocytes
Lacunae
Longitudinal canal carrying blood vessels and nerves
haversian canal
Nonliving structural part of bone
bone matrix
Tiny canals connecting lacunae
canaliculi
What is the function of the inorganic part of the matrix?
flexibility and strength
The formation of bone
ossification
how does intramembraneous bones form?
Osteoblasts appear in the connective tissue and deposit bony matrix which makes spongy bone form
How does endochondral bones form?
Cartilage models form and rapidly divides, forms compact bone and blood vessels
Name two ways the fetal skull differs from the adult skull
Fetal skull can still move around because it still has soft spots. Adult skulls have the parts of the skull fused together making the head more durable
A break in a bone
fracture
What are the 6 types of fractures?
spiral, greenstick, fissured, comminuted, transverse, oblique
How do fractures heal?
Blood escaping from the damaged blood vessels form a hematoma, spongy bone and fibrocartilage form, bony callus replaces the cartilage and osteoclasts remove the excess bony tissue
What are 2 factors that keep bones healthy?
good nutrition and exercise
What are 2 factors that can cause bone to become soft?
lack of nutrition (minerals) not enough calcium in bones
Putting bones back in place
Reduction
A cylinder shaped unit including bone cells that surround a central canal
Osteon
Fracture that occurs on the convex surface of the bend in the bone
Greenstick
Longitudinal break in bone
Fissured
A complete fracture and fragments in the bone
Comminuted
Break occurs at a right angle to the axis of the bone
Transverse
Occurs at an angle other than at a right angle to the axis of the bone
Oblique
Caused by excessive twisting of a bone
Spiral
Consists of the bones of the upper and lower limbs and the bones that anchor the limbs to the axial skeleton
Appendicular skeleton
Consists of bony and cartilaginous parts that support and protect the organs of the head, neck, and trunk
Axial skeleton
How many bones are included in the appendicular skeleton?
126
How many bones are included in the axial skeleton?
80
