Human Cell Flashcards
movement; move something or itself
microvilli
Let’s certain thing go through
cell membrane
lipid metabolism detoxification of drugs ,deactivates steroids, absorbs lipids
smooth ER
houses DNA & chromosomes
nucleus
allows certain molecules to exit
nuclear pores
fluid that suspends the chromatin and nucleolus
nucleoplasm
ribosome synthesis
nucleoulus
synthesize proteins
ribosome
site of protein synthesis; ribosome attachment, synthesize lipids, transports materials in cells
Rough ER
Keeps cell in shape, also used for movement
cytoskeleton
produce ATP, release energy, cellular respiration
mitochondria
digest worn cellular parts or substances that enter cells
lysosome
contain and transport substances
vescicle
thin, form bundles and meshwork, provide cell movement
microfilament
packages proteins for transport and secretion
golgi body
occupy space between nucleus and ribosomes; contain protein enzymes
cytoplasm
propel fluid over surfaces
ciclia
Support most weight in cell, support cytoplasm and move substances
microtubules
a cellular organelle built of microtubules that organizes the mitotic spindle
centriole
Controls what comes in and out of cells
Cell membrane
Allows some molecules in and out of cell
Selectively permeable
Cells are made up of what 3 parts?
Nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm
What are the functions of the proteins found in cell membranes?
Structure, recognition, channel, receptors, transport, adhesion
Helps with the stability of the cell membrane, makes less permeable for water soluble things
Cholesterol
Combination of phospholipid and embedded proteins/cholesterols, not in a stationary position
Fluid mosaic model
Two types of transport mechanisms account for movement of various substances across cellular membranes (2)
Passive and active
What are the 4 types of passive transport?
Diffusion, carrier proteins, osmosis, ion channels, filtration
What are the 5 types of active transport?
Na-K pump, proton pump, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, exocytosis
Where are organelles found?
Cytoplasm
Clear liquid in cytoplasm
Cytosol
Inner membrane of mitochondria; hold enzymes needed in energy transformations to make ATP
Cristae
What two things make up ribosomes?
Proteins and RNA
Where are ribosomes made?
Nucleolus
What organic compounds do ribosomes synthesize or make?
Proteins
What does the rough ER make?
Protein
What does the smooth ER make?
Lipids
How does the Golgi work with the ER of a cell?
Vesicles travel of the Golgi and carries the chemicals throughout the cell
What protein makes up microfilaments?
Actin
What does the shape of the cell reflect?
Function
Performs special functions of the cell
Organelle
How many cells make up the human body?
75 trillion
Why do liver and muscle cells have more mitochondria than other types of cells?
Need lots of energy for movement and detoxifying materials
Why can cells not survive if they are totally isolated from their environment?
Doesn’t have the nutrients they need and won’t get things from other cells
What is the purpose of the carbohydrate tails attached to some integral proteins?
Cellular ID, sees what does and doesn’t belong
Describe the outer covering of the mitochondria
Double layered, increases surface area
What organelles are the most numerous inside cells?
Ribosomes
Requires no energy and works with concentration gradient
Passive
Requires energy and doesn’t work with concentration gradient
Active
Consists of inner and outer lipid bilayer membranes
Nuclear envelope
Made up of 2 chromatids connected by a centromere
Chromosomes
Consists of loosely coiled fibers of DNA and protein
Chromatin
House enzymes that catalyze synthesis of bile acid and detoxification of hydrogen peroxide, alcohol, and break down lipids and biochemicals
Peroxisomes
Region near nucleus where centrioles are found that helps organize the spindle fibers during cell division
Centrosome
