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Anatomy and Physiology > Human Cell > Flashcards

Human Cell Flashcards

1
Q

movement; move something or itself

A

microvilli

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2
Q

Let’s certain thing go through

A

cell membrane

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3
Q

lipid metabolism detoxification of drugs ,deactivates steroids, absorbs lipids

A

smooth ER

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4
Q

houses DNA & chromosomes

A

nucleus

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5
Q

allows certain molecules to exit

A

nuclear pores

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6
Q

fluid that suspends the chromatin and nucleolus

A

nucleoplasm

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7
Q

ribosome synthesis

A

nucleoulus

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8
Q

synthesize proteins

A

ribosome

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9
Q

site of protein synthesis; ribosome attachment, synthesize lipids, transports materials in cells

A

Rough ER

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10
Q

Keeps cell in shape, also used for movement

A

cytoskeleton

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11
Q

produce ATP, release energy, cellular respiration

A

mitochondria

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12
Q

digest worn cellular parts or substances that enter cells

A

lysosome

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13
Q

contain and transport substances

A

vescicle

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14
Q

thin, form bundles and meshwork, provide cell movement

A

microfilament

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15
Q

packages proteins for transport and secretion

A

golgi body

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16
Q

occupy space between nucleus and ribosomes; contain protein enzymes

A

cytoplasm

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17
Q

propel fluid over surfaces

A

ciclia

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18
Q

Support most weight in cell, support cytoplasm and move substances

A

microtubules

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19
Q

a cellular organelle built of microtubules that organizes the mitotic spindle

A

centriole

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20
Q

Controls what comes in and out of cells

A

Cell membrane

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21
Q

Allows some molecules in and out of cell

A

Selectively permeable

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22
Q

Cells are made up of what 3 parts?

A

Nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm

23
Q

What are the functions of the proteins found in cell membranes?

A

Structure, recognition, channel, receptors, transport, adhesion

24
Q

Helps with the stability of the cell membrane, makes less permeable for water soluble things

A

Cholesterol

25
Q

Combination of phospholipid and embedded proteins/cholesterols, not in a stationary position

A

Fluid mosaic model

26
Q

Two types of transport mechanisms account for movement of various substances across cellular membranes (2)

A

Passive and active

27
Q

What are the 4 types of passive transport?

A

Diffusion, carrier proteins, osmosis, ion channels, filtration

28
Q

What are the 5 types of active transport?

A

Na-K pump, proton pump, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, exocytosis

29
Q

Where are organelles found?

A

Cytoplasm

30
Q

Clear liquid in cytoplasm

A

Cytosol

31
Q

Inner membrane of mitochondria; hold enzymes needed in energy transformations to make ATP

A

Cristae

32
Q

What two things make up ribosomes?

A

Proteins and RNA

33
Q

Where are ribosomes made?

A

Nucleolus

34
Q

What organic compounds do ribosomes synthesize or make?

A

Proteins

35
Q

What does the rough ER make?

A

Protein

36
Q

What does the smooth ER make?

A

Lipids

37
Q

How does the Golgi work with the ER of a cell?

A

Vesicles travel of the Golgi and carries the chemicals throughout the cell

38
Q

What protein makes up microfilaments?

A

Actin

39
Q

What does the shape of the cell reflect?

A

Function

40
Q

Performs special functions of the cell

A

Organelle

41
Q

How many cells make up the human body?

A

75 trillion

42
Q

Why do liver and muscle cells have more mitochondria than other types of cells?

A

Need lots of energy for movement and detoxifying materials

43
Q

Why can cells not survive if they are totally isolated from their environment?

A

Doesn’t have the nutrients they need and won’t get things from other cells

44
Q

What is the purpose of the carbohydrate tails attached to some integral proteins?

A

Cellular ID, sees what does and doesn’t belong

45
Q

Describe the outer covering of the mitochondria

A

Double layered, increases surface area

46
Q

What organelles are the most numerous inside cells?

A

Ribosomes

47
Q

Requires no energy and works with concentration gradient

A

Passive

48
Q

Requires energy and doesn’t work with concentration gradient

A

Active

49
Q

Consists of inner and outer lipid bilayer membranes

A

Nuclear envelope

50
Q

Made up of 2 chromatids connected by a centromere

A

Chromosomes

51
Q

Consists of loosely coiled fibers of DNA and protein

A

Chromatin

52
Q

House enzymes that catalyze synthesis of bile acid and detoxification of hydrogen peroxide, alcohol, and break down lipids and biochemicals

A

Peroxisomes

53
Q

Region near nucleus where centrioles are found that helps organize the spindle fibers during cell division

A

Centrosome

Anatomy and Physiology (33 decks)

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