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Anatomy and Physiology > Digestive System** > Flashcards

Digestive System** Flashcards

1
Q

Breaks down starch during mechanical digestion

A

Amylase

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2
Q

Where is amylase found?

A

Saliva

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3
Q

What helps with mechanical digestion?

A

Teeth

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4
Q

Series of muscular contractions

A

Peristalsis

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5
Q

Mixing food with saliva

A

Bolus

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6
Q

Watery mixture of stomach fluids and food

A

Chyme

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7
Q

Kills bacteria and activates pepsin

A

HCl

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8
Q

Helps to break down protein

A

Pepsin

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9
Q

What 2 things does the stomach absorb?

A

Water and alcohol

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10
Q

The stomach is a common site for this disease

A

Ulcers

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11
Q

What are the 3 parts of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

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12
Q

Finger like projections in the small intestine

A

Villi

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13
Q

Keeps the small intestines together

A

Mesentary

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14
Q

What are the functions of the small intestine?

A

Chemical digestion and absorption

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15
Q

Also known as the colon

A

Large intestine

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16
Q

What are the 4 parts of the colon?

A

Ascending, traverse, descending, rectal

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17
Q

What is the function of the large intestine?

A

Removal of water form waste material

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18
Q

Not enough removal of water from waste

A

Diarrhea

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19
Q

Too much water removed from waste

A

Constipation

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20
Q

What accessory organ produces bile?

A

Liver

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21
Q

What does bile break down?

A

Fat, carbs, proteins, detoxes alcohol

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22
Q

What does the pancreas secrete?

A

Insulin and pancreatic juices

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23
Q

What is the function of the pancreas?

A

Produce insulin to regulate blood sugar levels, produce pancreatic juices to break down nutrients, produce sodium bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid

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24
Q

Breaking food down into simpler chemicals

A

Chemical digestion

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25
Q

Breaking larger pieces into smaller pieces without changing the chemical composition

A

Mechanical digestion

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26
Q

What are the 4 layers of the alimentary canal?

A

Mucosa, submucosa, muscular, serosa

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27
Q

How many primary teeth are there?

A

20

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28
Q

How many secondary teeth are there?

A

32

29
Q

What are teeth made of?

A

Enamel, dentin, pulp, cementum, nerves, blood vessels

30
Q

What is the function of the uvula?

A

Close off the nasal cavity during swallowing

31
Q

What does the saliva break down?

A

Food particles and carbohydrate digestion

32
Q

What does the rate at which the stomach empties depends upon?

A

Fluidity of the chyme and type of food

33
Q

Stimulates the release of pancreatic juice with a high bicarbonate ion concentration

A

Secretin

34
Q

Stimulates the release of pancreatic juice with abundant digestive enzymes

A

Cholecystokinin

35
Q

Major energy source

A

Carbohydrate

36
Q

Carbohydrate % of diet

A

55%

37
Q

Breaking food down into simpler chemicals

A

Chemical digestion

38
Q

Breaking larger pieces into smaller pieces without changing the chemical composition

A

Mechanical digestion

39
Q

What are the 4 layers of the alimentary canal?

A

Mucosa, submucosa, muscular, serosa

40
Q

How many secondary teeth are there?

A

32

41
Q

What are teeth made of?

A

Enamel, dentin, pulp, cementum, nerves, blood vessels

42
Q

What is the function of the uvula?

A

Close off the nasal cavity during swallowing

43
Q

What does the saliva break down?

A

Food particles and carbohydrate digestion

44
Q

What does the rate at which the stomach empties depends upon?

A

Fluidity of the chyme and type of food

45
Q

Stimulates the release of pancreatic juice with abundant digestive enzymes

A

Cholecystokinin

46
Q

Major energy source

A

Carbohydrate

47
Q

Carbohydrate % of diet

A

55%

48
Q

How many primary teeth are there?

A

20

49
Q

Stimulates the release of pancreatic juice with a high bicarbonate ion concentration

A

Secretin

50
Q

Stimulates the release of pancreatic juice with abundant digestive enzymes

A

Cholecystokinin

51
Q

Calories/gram of carbohydrates?

A

4

52
Q

What are some sources of carbohydrates?

A

Fruits, sugar, honey, grain, pasta, potato, bread

53
Q

Calories/gram of protein?

A

4

54
Q

Calories/gram of fat?

A

9

55
Q

Calories/gram of water?

A

0

56
Q

Calories/gram of vitamins?

A

0

57
Q

Calories/gram of minerals?

A

0

58
Q

Helps in growth and repair

A

Proteins

59
Q

% of protein in diet?

A

30%

60
Q

What are some sources of protein?

A

Meat, eggs, fish, beans, grains

61
Q

Production of cell membranes, nervous tissue, hormones, protection and insulation

A

Fat

62
Q

% of fat in diet?

A

15%

63
Q

What are some sources of fat?

A

Lard, animal fat, butter, oil

64
Q

Regulates body processes

A

Vitamins

65
Q

What are some sources of vitamins?

A

Milk, fruits, vegetables

66
Q

Inorganic nutrients that the body needs for functions

A

Minerals

67
Q

What are some sources of minerals?

A

Table salt

68
Q

Makes bulk of blood lymph and bodily fluids; helps with eliminating waste and substance transportation

A

Water

Anatomy and Physiology (33 decks)

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