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Anatomy and Physiology > Respiratory System** > Flashcards

Respiratory System** Flashcards

1
Q

Smallest conducting respiratory passageways

A

Bronchioles

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2
Q

Separates the oral and nasal cavities

A

Palate

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3
Q

Major nerve that stimulates the diaphragm

A

Phrenic nerve

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4
Q

Food passageway posterior to the trachea

A

Esophagus

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5
Q

Closes off the larynx during swallowing

A

Epiglottis

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6
Q

Windpipe

A

Trachea

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7
Q

Actual site of gas exchange

A

Alveoli

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8
Q

Pleural layer covering the thorax walls

A

Parietal pleura

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9
Q

Pleural layer covering the lungs

A

Visceral pleura

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10
Q

Lumen of the larynx

A

Glottis

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11
Q

Fleshy lobes in the nasal cavity which increase its surface area

A

Conchae

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12
Q

Pressure of air outside the body

A

Atmospheric pressure

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13
Q

What is the general function of the respiratory system?

A

Transport gases to and from the circulatory system

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14
Q

Exchanges gases

A

Respiration

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15
Q

Breakdown of glucose in the body using oxygen

A

Cellular respiration

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16
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have? Left?

A

3; 2

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17
Q

A double membrane surrounding the lungs; secretes a mucus that decreases friction

A

Pleura

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18
Q

Why are ribs expandable?

A

They aren’t completely ossified

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19
Q

What are the 7 openings in the throat cavity?

A

1 to esophagus, 1 to larynx, 1 to mouth, 2 nasal passages, 2 eustachian tubes

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20
Q

What are the functions of the nostrils?

A

Filter out dust, warm and moisten air

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21
Q

What are the 3 actions to inspiration?

A

Ribs expand, diaphragm down, pressure decreases

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22
Q

What are the 3 actions to expiration?

A

Ribs contract, diaphragm up, pressure increases

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23
Q

What is the regular breathing rate?

A

12-24 breaths/minute

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24
Q

What controls your breathing rate?

A

Medulla

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25
Q

How does high levels of carbon dioxide affect your breathing rate?

A

Causes you to inhale and exhale faster

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26
Q

What is the respiration flow?

A

Nose/throat, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, blood, cells

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27
Q

Tiny sacs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged

A

Alveoli

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28
Q

Maximum amount of air that the lungs can hold

A

Maximum lung capacity

29
Q

Maximum amount of air that a person can inhale/exhale

A

Vital lung capacity

30
Q

What are the percentages of nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide that you inhale?

A

78%, 21%, .04%

31
Q

What are the percentages of nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide that you exhale?

A

78%, 15%, 5-6%

32
Q

What makes up the upper respiratory tract?

A

Nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx

33
Q

What makes up the lower respiratory tract?

A

Larynx, trachea, lungs, bronchial tree

34
Q

Divides the nasal cavity

A

Nasal septum

35
Q

Bones that curl out of the lateral walls of the nasal cavity

A

Nasal conchae

36
Q

What are the functions of the nasal conchae?

A

Support the mucus membrane and increase surface ares

37
Q

Reduce the weight of the skull and are resonant chambers that affect the quality of the voice

A

Paranasal sinuses

38
Q

What is the function of the false vocal cords?

A

Close airway during swallowing

39
Q

Common passageway for food traveling and air passing; aids in producing sounds for speech

A

Pharynx

40
Q

What is the function of the true vocal cords?

A

Vibrations between these produce sound waves

41
Q

Triangular slit where air passes through

A

Glottis

42
Q

Why are the cartilage rings around the trachea incomplete?

A

Prevents the trachea from collapsing and blocking the airway

43
Q

What keeps the alveoli from sticking to each other?

A

Surfactant

44
Q

The measurement of different air volumes

A

Spirometry

45
Q

Amount of air that leaves the lungs in one respiratory cycle

A

Tidal volume

46
Q

During forced inspiration, an additional volume can be inhaled into the lungs

A

Inspiratory reserve volume

47
Q

Volume that can be exhaled during forced breathing in addition to tidal volume

A

Expiratory reserve volume

48
Q

Volume that remains in lungs after maximal expiration

A

Residual volume

49
Q

How do you find the vital capacity?

A

Tidal volume + inspiratory + expiratory

50
Q

How do you find the inspiratory capacity?

A

Tidal volume + inspiratory

51
Q

Maximum volume of air that can be inhaled following exhalation of tidal volume

A

Inspiratory capacity

52
Q

Volume of air that remains in lungs following exhalation and tidal volume

A

Functional residual capacity

53
Q

How do you find the functional residual capacity?

A

Expiratory reserve volume + residual volume

54
Q

Total volume of air the lungs can hold

A

Total lung capacity

55
Q

What are 3 things that can affect breathing?

A

Chemicals, lung tissue stretching, emotional state

56
Q

Breathing can also be called _________

A

respiration

57
Q

What happens to the internal volume and pressure of the thorax, the size of lungs when the diaphragm is contracted?

A

Increase, decrease, increase

58
Q

What is the direction of the air flow when the diaphragm contracts?

A

Goes into the lung

59
Q

What happens to the internal volume and pressure of the thorax and the size of the lungs when the diaphragm is relaxed?

A

Decrease, increase, decrease

60
Q

What is the direction of the air flow when the diaphragm is relaxed?

A

Out of lung

61
Q

Lack or cessation of breathing

A

Apnea

62
Q

Normal breathing in therms of rate and depth

A

Eupnea

63
Q

Labored breathing or air hunger

A

Dyspnea

64
Q

Chronic oxygen deficiency

A

Hypoxia

65
Q

Condition characterized by fibrosis of the lungs and an increase in size of the alveolar chambers

A

Emphysema

66
Q

Increased mucus production, which clogs respiratory passageways and promotes coughing

A

Chronic bronchitis

67
Q

Respiratory passageways narrowed by bronchiolar spasms

A

Asthma

68
Q

Incidence strongly associated with cigarette smoking

A

Lung cancer

69
Q

Infection spread by airborne bacteria; a recent alarming increase in drug users and AIDS victims

A

Tuberculosis

Anatomy and Physiology (33 decks)

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