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Anatomy and Physiology > Senses** > Flashcards

Senses** Flashcards

1
Q

The sense of smell supplements the sense of ________.

A

Taste

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2
Q

Epithelial cells; free ends extend between epithelial cells. Sense itching

A

Free nerve endings

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3
Q

Small oval masses of flattened connective tissue; detects changes in pressure or movement

A

Meissner’s corpuscles (mechanoreceptors)

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4
Q

Composed of connective tissue and nerve fibers; Found in deep dermal and subcutaneous tissue; responds to pressure

A

Pacinian corpuscles

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5
Q

Responds to temperature

A

Temperature Senses

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6
Q

Detects tissue damage

A

Pain receptors

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7
Q

What is the pathway for smell?

A

Smell receptor, cilia, axon, olfactory bulb, olfactory tract, limbic senses, thalamus

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8
Q

How does saliva contribute to the perception of taste?

A

Chemicals must be dissolved in water in order to be tasted

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9
Q

Describe the nerve pathway for taste

A

Travels on the facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves. They then travel to the medulla and cerebrum

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10
Q

What is the function of the external ear?

A

Collect sound waves and produces vibrations of the sound wave

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11
Q

Describe the hearing pathway

A

Sound waves enter the external auditory meatus, sound waves cause the eardrum to vibrate, vibrations are carried across the middle ear by the malleus, incus, stapes to the oval window. Vibrations cause the stapes to move in and out causing the cochlea to move. Tiny fibers cause a vibration in the hearing receptors which stimulate the nerves. The nerves send messages to the temporal lobe where sounds are interpreted.

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12
Q

Why does it help to chew gum while descending on an airplane?

A

Makes the pressure in ear at equlibrium

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13
Q

What is the function of the inner ear?

A

Transfer sound waves/ vibrations and to maintain equlibrium

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14
Q

What are the 4 layers of the eyelid?

A

Skin, muscle, connective tissue, conjunctiva

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15
Q

Which muscles move the eyelid?

A

Ocularis oculi and Levator palpebrae

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16
Q

A mucous membrane that lines the inner surfaces of the eyelids and folds back to cover the anterior surface of the eyeball

A

Conjunctiva

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17
Q

Function is to moisten and lubricate the surface of the eye and lining of the lids

A

Lacrimal apparatus

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18
Q

What is the lacrimal apparatus consist of?

A

Lacrimal glands and a series of ducts that carries tears into the nasal cavity

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19
Q

Antibacterial agent which reduces the risk of eye infections

A

Lysozyme

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20
Q

Rotates eye upwards and toward midline

A

Superior/inferior rectus

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21
Q

Rotate eye towards midline

A

Medial/lateral rectus

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22
Q

Rotate eye downward and away from the midline

A

Superior/inferior oblique

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23
Q

Absorb light (doesn’t differentiate color, only shades of gray)

A

Rods

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24
Q

Where are rods present?

A

Peripheral areas of retina

25
Q

Absorb light of particular wavelength (red, green, blue)

A

Cones

26
Q

Where are cones present?

A

Fovea area

27
Q

Light absorbing pigment consisting of opsin and retinal

A

Rhodopsin

28
Q

Detect light energy

A

Photoreceptors

29
Q

Describe the nerve pathway for smell

A

When olfactory receptors are stimulated, their fibers synapse with neurons in the olfactory lobes. Sensory impulses are first analyzed here and then down the olfactory tract to the limbic system and to the temporal lobe

30
Q

The whites of the eyes; functions as protective and supportive layer and an area for extrinsic muscle attachment

A

Sclera

31
Q

Transparent cover of the eye; function is to focus images onto the lens

A

Cornea

32
Q

Dark layer of the eye; function is to prevent backscattering of light

A

Choroid

33
Q

The space between the cornea and the iris. Chamber is filled with aqueous humor which is thought to be formed by the ciliary body

A

Anterior chamber

34
Q

Clear fluid that nourishes the cornea and lens; helps to maintain shape of the eye

A

Aqueous humor

35
Q

Extends forward form the choroid coat and forms an internal ring around the front of the eye

A

Ciliary body

36
Q

The colored parts of the eye; a thin diaphragm composed mostly of connective tissue and smooth muscle fibers and contains the pupils

A

Iris

37
Q

Circular opening in the center of the iris where light goes through

A

Pupil

38
Q

The space between the suspensory ligament and the iris

A

Posterior chamber

39
Q

A transparent jelly-like substance that fills the posterior cavity of the eyeball. Functions to distend the sclera, support the retina, and maintain the spherical shape of the eye

A

Vitreous humor

40
Q

Transparent, biconvex structure that focuses light on the retina

A

Lens

41
Q

Adjusts thickness of lens to focus light

A

Accomidation

42
Q

A nearly transparent sheet of tissue that is continuous with the optic nerves and contains photoreceptors

A

Retina

43
Q

Often referred to as the blind spot; the spot where nerve fibers and blood vessels make their exit from the eye and does not contain rods or cones

A

Optic disc

44
Q

A semicircular area of bright, lustrous tissue occupying a considerable portion of the optic nerve. An adaptation for vision in limited light

A

Tapetum lucidum

45
Q

What happens if there is damage before the chiasma?

A

Damage on the same side

46
Q

What happens if there is damage after the chiasma?

A

Damage on the same side

47
Q

What happens if there is damage in the chiasma?

A

Damage on both sides

48
Q

Flattened connective tissue sheaths surrounding two or more nerve fibers and are abundant in hairless areas that are very sensitive to touch

A

Tactile corpuscles

49
Q

Large structures of connective tissue and cells that resembles the layers of an onion. Function to detect deep pressure

A

Lamellated corpuscles

50
Q

Do temperature receptors adapt quickly?

A

Yes

51
Q

Do pain receptors adapt quickly?

A

No

52
Q

Do olfactory receptors adapt quickly?

A

Yes

53
Q

Do taste receptors adapt quickly?

A

Yes

54
Q

Functions to both hold the lens in shape and change the lens size to acommodate for near or far vision

A

Suspensory ligament

55
Q

Muscles in the iris that constrict

A

Circular muscle

56
Q

Muscles in the iris that dilate

A

Radial muscle

57
Q

The ability to sense the position and location and orientation and movement of the body and its parts

A

Proprioreception

58
Q

Senses change in the chemical concentration of substances

A

Chemoreceptors

Anatomy and Physiology (33 decks)

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