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Anatomy and Physiology > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Two or more types of tissues working together to perform a specialized function

A

organ

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2
Q

What is the largest organ in the body by weight?

A

skin

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3
Q

What makes up the integumentary system?

A

Skin and accessory organs

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4
Q

What are the functions of the integumentary system?

A

regulate body temperature, protective temperature, excrete wastes, slows water loss, houses sensory receptors

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5
Q

Close to the blood supply in the dermis, only stratum healthy enough to reproduce

A

stratum basale

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6
Q

What is the epidermis made of?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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7
Q

What does the epidermis lack?

A

blood vessels

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8
Q

How is the epidermis nourished?

A

blood vessels in dermis

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9
Q

Protects the underlying tissues and keep out disease-causing microorganisms

A

epidermis

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10
Q

Cells located in the epidermis that produces melanin

A

melanocytes

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11
Q

a dark pigment that provides color in skin

A

melanin

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12
Q

What do differences in skin color result from?

A

amount and size of melanin, genetics, UV rays, x-rays, diet

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13
Q

Cancer that arise from epithelial cells

A

cutaneous carcinomas

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14
Q

Cancer that arise from melanocytes

A

cutaneous melanomas

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15
Q

What is the most common skin cancer?

A

cutaneous carcinomas

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16
Q

Functions to bind the epidermis to underlying tissues

A

dermis

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17
Q

what is the dermis composed of?

A

Collagen and elastin fibers

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18
Q

What does the dermis contain?

A

blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, glands, touch receptors

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19
Q

What is the subcutaneous layer composed of?

A

loose connective tissues and insulating adipose tissue

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20
Q

Binds the skin to underlying organs

A

subcutaneous layer

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21
Q

Protective coverings over the ends of fingers and toes

A

nails

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22
Q

what are nails composed of?

A

stratified squamous epithelium overlying the nail bed

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23
Q

what happens as new nail cells are produced?

A

old cells are pushed outward and get keratinized

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24
Q

what is the most active growing region of the nail root?

A

lunula

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25
Q

a structure extending from the epidermal surface into the dermis

A

hair follicle

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26
Q

where are hair follicles located?

A

dermis

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27
Q

Gland that softens and lubricates the skin and hair

A

sebaceous gland

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28
Q

an active inflammation of the sebaceous glands

A

acne

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29
Q

develop when a sebaceous gland is blocked by accumulated sebum

A

whitehead

30
Q

develop when blocked material oxidizes and dries

A

blackheads

31
Q

What are the 4 types of sweat glands?

A

eccrine, apocrine, ceruminous, mammary

32
Q

Sweat gland found on forehead, neck and back

A

eccrine

33
Q

Sweat gland found on axillary region and groin area

A

apocrine

34
Q

Sweat gland lining of the external ear canal

A

ceruminous

35
Q

what does the ceruminous gland secrete?

A

earwax

36
Q

gland that secretes milk

A

mammary

37
Q

Controls the internal body temperature; responds to sensory signals from the temperature receptors in the skin

A

hypothalamus gland

38
Q

What can happen if there are slight shifts in body temperature?

A

disrupt metabolic reactions in the body and can denature enzymes if the temperature is too high

39
Q

Decrease in the diameter of blood vessels (less blood flow)

A

vasoconstriction

40
Q

Increase in the diameter of blood vessels (more blood flow)

A

vasodilation

41
Q

core body temperature is below 95 F

A

hypothermia

42
Q

core body temperature is above 106 F

A

hyperthermia

43
Q

How does the epidermal layer heal wounds?

A

epithelial cells are stimulated to divide in order to fill in the gaps

44
Q

How does the dermal and subcutaneous areas heal wounds?

A

Blood vessels break and blood clot forms. Dried blood and tissue create a scab

45
Q

A burn that injures the epidermis

A

1st degree

46
Q

A burn that destroys the epidermis and dermis; blisters appear

A

2nd degree

47
Q

A burn that destroys the epidermis, dermis, and accessory organs of the skin

A

3rd degree

48
Q

How are 3rd degree burns treated?

A

skin transplant (skin graft)

49
Q

Used to estimate the extent and severity of burns

A

rule of nines

50
Q

What does the rule of nines help with?

A

Determines how to hydrate/ control infection

51
Q

What happens if the nail matrix is destroyed?

A

Nails wont grow back

52
Q

Enlarged end of the root of a hair

A

Bulb

53
Q

Layer of epidermis that is mitotic

A

Stratum basal

54
Q

Nerve receptor for two point descrimination located in the dermal papilla

A

Meissner

55
Q

Epidermal stratum that is found in thick skin (clear)

A

Lucidum

56
Q

Nerve ends found in epidermis that detects pain

A

Free

57
Q

Lack of melanin

A

Albinism

58
Q

Process by which cytoplasm of a cell is replaced by keratin

A

Keratinization

59
Q

Part of the root or a nail that has rapidly dividing cells

A

Matrix

60
Q

Type of skin with five epidermal layers found on soles of feet

A

Thick

61
Q

Type of skin found on your lips

A

Thin

62
Q

Undulating layer of dermis that causes fingerprints

A

Dermal papillae

63
Q

Sweat glands that become active at puberty

A

Apocrine

64
Q

What type of glands are sebaceous glands?

A

Holocrine

65
Q

What is the ABCDE of skin cancer detection?

A

Asymmetrical, borders, color variability, diameter, evolution

66
Q

Any change to a mole

A

Evolution

67
Q

A mole larger than the diameter of a pencil eraser

A

Diameter

68
Q

Color variations in the mole

A

Color variability

69
Q

Irregularities around the borders of the mole

A

Borders

70
Q

Unusually shaped moles

A

Asymmetrial

Anatomy and Physiology (33 decks)

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