Integumentary System Flashcards
Two or more types of tissues working together to perform a specialized function
organ
What is the largest organ in the body by weight?
skin
What makes up the integumentary system?
Skin and accessory organs
What are the functions of the integumentary system?
regulate body temperature, protective temperature, excrete wastes, slows water loss, houses sensory receptors
Close to the blood supply in the dermis, only stratum healthy enough to reproduce
stratum basale
What is the epidermis made of?
Stratified squamous epithelium
What does the epidermis lack?
blood vessels
How is the epidermis nourished?
blood vessels in dermis
Protects the underlying tissues and keep out disease-causing microorganisms
epidermis
Cells located in the epidermis that produces melanin
melanocytes
a dark pigment that provides color in skin
melanin
What do differences in skin color result from?
amount and size of melanin, genetics, UV rays, x-rays, diet
Cancer that arise from epithelial cells
cutaneous carcinomas
Cancer that arise from melanocytes
cutaneous melanomas
What is the most common skin cancer?
cutaneous carcinomas
Functions to bind the epidermis to underlying tissues
dermis
what is the dermis composed of?
Collagen and elastin fibers
What does the dermis contain?
blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, glands, touch receptors
What is the subcutaneous layer composed of?
loose connective tissues and insulating adipose tissue
Binds the skin to underlying organs
subcutaneous layer
Protective coverings over the ends of fingers and toes
nails
what are nails composed of?
stratified squamous epithelium overlying the nail bed
what happens as new nail cells are produced?
old cells are pushed outward and get keratinized
what is the most active growing region of the nail root?
lunula
a structure extending from the epidermal surface into the dermis
hair follicle
where are hair follicles located?
dermis
Gland that softens and lubricates the skin and hair
sebaceous gland
an active inflammation of the sebaceous glands
acne
develop when a sebaceous gland is blocked by accumulated sebum
whitehead
develop when blocked material oxidizes and dries
blackheads
What are the 4 types of sweat glands?
eccrine, apocrine, ceruminous, mammary
Sweat gland found on forehead, neck and back
eccrine
Sweat gland found on axillary region and groin area
apocrine
Sweat gland lining of the external ear canal
ceruminous
what does the ceruminous gland secrete?
earwax
gland that secretes milk
mammary
Controls the internal body temperature; responds to sensory signals from the temperature receptors in the skin
hypothalamus gland
What can happen if there are slight shifts in body temperature?
disrupt metabolic reactions in the body and can denature enzymes if the temperature is too high
Decrease in the diameter of blood vessels (less blood flow)
vasoconstriction
Increase in the diameter of blood vessels (more blood flow)
vasodilation
core body temperature is below 95 F
hypothermia
core body temperature is above 106 F
hyperthermia
How does the epidermal layer heal wounds?
epithelial cells are stimulated to divide in order to fill in the gaps
How does the dermal and subcutaneous areas heal wounds?
Blood vessels break and blood clot forms. Dried blood and tissue create a scab
A burn that injures the epidermis
1st degree
A burn that destroys the epidermis and dermis; blisters appear
2nd degree
A burn that destroys the epidermis, dermis, and accessory organs of the skin
3rd degree
How are 3rd degree burns treated?
skin transplant (skin graft)
Used to estimate the extent and severity of burns
rule of nines
What does the rule of nines help with?
Determines how to hydrate/ control infection
What happens if the nail matrix is destroyed?
Nails wont grow back
Enlarged end of the root of a hair
Bulb
Layer of epidermis that is mitotic
Stratum basal
Nerve receptor for two point descrimination located in the dermal papilla
Meissner
Epidermal stratum that is found in thick skin (clear)
Lucidum
Nerve ends found in epidermis that detects pain
Free
Lack of melanin
Albinism
Process by which cytoplasm of a cell is replaced by keratin
Keratinization
Part of the root or a nail that has rapidly dividing cells
Matrix
Type of skin with five epidermal layers found on soles of feet
Thick
Type of skin found on your lips
Thin
Undulating layer of dermis that causes fingerprints
Dermal papillae
Sweat glands that become active at puberty
Apocrine
What type of glands are sebaceous glands?
Holocrine
What is the ABCDE of skin cancer detection?
Asymmetrical, borders, color variability, diameter, evolution
Any change to a mole
Evolution
A mole larger than the diameter of a pencil eraser
Diameter
Color variations in the mole
Color variability
Irregularities around the borders of the mole
Borders
Unusually shaped moles
Asymmetrial
