Cell Division Flashcards
Division of the nucleus
Karyokinesis
Name the four stages of cell division
G1,S,G2,M
Division of the cytoplasm
Cytokinesis
Period between cell divisions when a cell metabolizes and prepares to divide
Interphase
What is part of interphase?
G1,S, G2
Connected by the centromere
Chromatids
Connects the chromatids
Centromere
Cell creates organelles and begins metabolism
G1
DNA synthesis in which the chromosomes of the cell are copied
S
Process that ensures that the normal number of chromosomes is restored after cell division
Synthesis (S phase)
Another name for mitosis
Karykinesis
body cell divides once to produce two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell
Mitosis
a sex cell divides twice to produce four genetically different daughter cells with one-half the number of chromosomes of a body cell.
Meiosis
How many chromosomes do body cells have?
46
How many chromosomes do sex cells have?
23
Made up of 2 chromatids connected by a centromere
Chromosome
The spot on the centromere where the spindle fiber attaches
Kinetechore
DNA is copied
Synthesis
Chromatin scrunches into chromosomes; centromere and spindle fibers appear to pull the chromosomes
Prophase
What disappears during prophase?
Nucleolus and nuclear membrane
Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
Metaphase
the chromatid arms separate and move to opposite ends of the cell
Anaphase
same size and the same shape and carry genes for the same traits but are NOT identical.
Homologous
The region near the nucleus where the centrioles are found that helps organize the spindle fibers during cell division
Centrosome
log-like structures that appear near the nucleus during cell division in an animal cell and move to opposite poles to pull the chromosomes apart.
Centrioles
Made of microtubules and connect each chromosome to the centrioles
Spindle fiber
The family of proteins that regulate the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells
Cyclins
When DNA and its attached proteins is spread out in the nucleus of non-dividing cells
Chromatin
When chromatin is scrunched up in dividing cells
Chromosomes
the process that a cell undergoes as it becomes specialized to perform very specific functions in the body.
Differentiation
Cell death
Apoptosis
Cell grows in preparation for cell division
G2
Cells are alive and metabolically active but do not divide; cannot be replaced when damaged
G0
Division of the cytoplasm
Cytokinesis
What is the product if a cell undergoes nuclear division but not cytoplasmic division
Binucleate
