Sizes and maths Flashcards

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1
Q

What does 1cm equal to in m?

A

1x10⁻²m = 1cm

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2
Q

What does 1mm equal in m?

A

1x10⁻³m = 1mm

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3
Q

What does 1 micrometer equal in m?

A

1x10⁻⁶ = 1μm

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4
Q

What does 1 nanometre equal in m?

A

1x10⁻⁹ = 1nm

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5
Q

Order of scales

A

Metre
Centimetre
Millimetre
Micrometer
Nanometre

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6
Q

Order of magnitude

A

A tool used to compare the sizes of different things
1 order of magnitude larger means 10x larger

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7
Q

Object A is 1 order of magnitude larger than object B meaning

A

object A is 10x larger than Object B

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8
Q

Object A is 2 orders of magnitude larger than object B

A

Object A is 100x larger than B

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9
Q

Pattern of orders of magnitude

A

Every order is 10x greater

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10
Q

How can we easily find out how many orders of magnitude an object is bigger by?

A

Count the zeros
1 zero = 1 order of magnitude
2 zeroes = 2 orders of magnitude
Etc etc

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11
Q

Surface area : volume ratio meaning

A

The ratio of the surrounding area (the surface area) : the stuff inside

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12
Q

Larger surface area to volume ratio meaning

A

The object is small
And contains a large difference to the surrounding area to the big amount of space inside
Eg 12 : 1

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13
Q

Small surface to volume ratio meaning

A

The object is large
And contains a smaller difference between the surrounding area and the stuff inside as the amounts are closer together

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14
Q

What happens to surface area to volume ratio as organisms get larger?

A

The ratio falls
Eg the numbers are closer together like 1: 2

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15
Q

What problem is there for multicellular organisms with surface area to volume ratio?

A

The surface area isn’t large enough for the volume as the numbers are too close
So cells on the inside can’t get oxygen needed as the oxygen can’t diffuse that far (too far away from surface)

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16
Q

How have mammals solved the surface area to volume ratio problem?

A

Transport system to carry around gases
Special gas exchange structures internally with high surface area eg alveoli

17
Q

How do fish get oxygen in their cells?

A

swallow in oxygen rich water
Pass over gills to be transported into blood stream containing filaments
Deoxy blood into filament
Oxygen diffuses from water to blood
Returns around the body

18
Q

Fish gills adaptations

A

Filaments = large surface area
Thin membrane = shirt diffusion pathway
Efficient blood supply = high concentration gradient