signpost words

Question 1

for purpose clauses

Answer 1

ut/ne + subj.

idcirco, ideo
for this reason

eo
for this/that purpose

propterea
on this account

eo consilio
with this/that intention

ea causa, ea re
for this/that reason

Question 2

note for purpose clauses

Answer 2

Because the negative is introduced by ne, the following have to be learnt:

ne quis, quis, quid
in order that nobody …,

in case anybody …, etc.

ne ullus, ulla, ullum
so that no … (the meaning is stronger

than that of ne quis)

ne umquam, ne quando
so that … never

ne usquam, necubi
so that … nowhere

I burnt the book so that no one could read it.
librum incendi ‘ne quis’ eum legeret.

Question 3

for result clauses

Answer 3

talis, talis, tale - such, of such a king
tantus, tanta, tanum - so great, so large
tot - so many
totiens - so often
tam - so (with adj adv)
adeo - so much, to such an extent (with verbs)
tantopere - to such a great degree
its, sic - in such a way, so

Note that the Latin for ‘such a good man’ is therefore not talis bonus uir but tam bonus uir (‘so good a man’).

Question 4

note for negatives in result clauses

Answer 4

ut nemo, nihil
that nobody, nothing

ut nullus
that no

ut numquam
that never

ut nusquam
that nowhere

Question 5

‘for this reason’

Answer 5

eo
idcirco
ideo
propterea

Question 6

frequently followed by quod

Answer 6

aegre †fero
I am sorry

doleo [2]
I am sorry

†gaudeo
I am glad

laetor [1]
I am glad

miror [1]
I wonder

Question 7

comparisons

Answer 7

sicut
quasi
tamquam, tamquam si
uelut, uelut si
ut si
perinde ac (si)
haud aliter ac (‘not otherwise than’)

If the comparison is false, i.e. to some imagined situation, then the subjunctive is used. If the comparison is true the indicative is used.

Question 8

‘it happens that’ (followed by result clauses)

Answer 8

accidit ut
contingit ut
euenit ut
fit ut
A result clause is also used with efficio ut ‘I bring it about that’.