gerunds

Question 1

gerund

Answer 1

‘the act of -ing’.
it is always neuter sg. and isn’t passive, like the gerundive.

never used in nominative.

(gen) ars amandi - the art of loving
(dat) operam dat amando - he gives attention to loving
(abl) effugi currendo - I escaped by running

in acc + prep.
pareo ad currendum - I am ready for running
(is equivalent to ut currendum)

dat. of gerund is relatively uncommon but follows words that take the dat.
the abl. is usually instrumental
- docendo multo disco (I learn many things by teaching)

Because it is part of a verb it is qualified by an adverb, rather than adj.
ars bene canendi difficilis est
- the art of singing well is difficult.

Question 2

things the gen. gerund goes with

Answer 2

nouns -

ars (art)
occasio (opportunity)
signum (signal/sign)
spes (hope)
tempus (time)

adj -

cupidus (eager)
peritus (skilled)
causa/gratia (for the sake off)
- causa and gratia always comes after the thing it is controlling

these are all followed by the gen. (of definition) which can be translated as
for
in
at
to

Question 3

gerund of eo

Answer 3

is eundum
and is often found in compounds

occasionem abeundi peto
- I am seeking an opportunity to go away.

Question 4

Gerund + direct object

Answer 4

ars scribendi -
the art of writing (ars in nom. scrib is neut, because gerunds are neuter)

-then it is given an object.

ars scribendi epistulam