SEX ANATOMY (Female) Flashcards
What happens on Day 10 of the preovulatory phase
One of the secondary follicles has outgrown all other follicles and becomes the dominate follicle
What layer do the spiral Arterioles supply blood to..
The stratum functionalis
How many mammary glands are in each breast
One
Where is the IUD inserted into
The internal Os of the uterus
Prevents sperm from entering the uterus
Which layer of the cervix contains lubricating glands
The endocervix
If not fertilized at time of uterus arrival, what happen to the oocyte
Begin to disintegrate
Menses
What are the two peritoneal pouches of formed around the uterus
The vesicouterine pouch and the retrocouterine pouch
The broad ligament is made of..
Double folds of the peritoneum
The dying of the stratum functionalis layer causes what..
The cells to slough off, Menses
Where does milk emerge from in the nipple
Lactiferous ducts
In relation to Menses, what does Inhibin do?
Secreted by granulosa cells and corpus luteum after ovulation
Inhibits secretion of FSH and LH
What is the function of the zona pellucida
Helps the corona radiata/ cumulus-granulosa cells attach to the oocyte.
What is the Ovum + the nuclei of a sperm called
A diploid zygote
What are the physical characteristics of the plateau phase of female sex response
- marked vasoconstriction
- sex flush
- engorgment of lower 1/3 of vagina
- narrowing of diameter
- dilation of upper 2/3 of vagina
What arteries supply the stratum basalis of the myometrium
The straight arterieoles of the radial arteries
What happens to the expelled oocytes if fertilization does not occur
All cells degenerate
What are the structures of the female reproductive system
Ovaries Fallopian Tubes Uterus Vagina Vulva/ Pudendum *mammary glands
What is the union of a secondary oocyte and a sperm cell called
Fertilization
A zygote
What are the 4 phases of the female reproductive cycle
Menstrual
Perovulatory
Ovulation
Postovulatory
What is the current that moves the oocyte for the peritoneal cavity to the Fallopian tube?
Currents produces by fimbriae that surround the mature follice just released from the ovary
Peristaltic movements of the tubal layers move the secondary oocyte tot he uterus
What is coopers ligaments
A ligament that run between breast and skin fascia, become looser with excess age or strain
(Jogging)
Perky breasts
Which two hormones prepare and maintain the endometrium
Estrogen and progesterone
What is the normal position for the uterus
Ante flexion
Body of the uterus protects anteriorly over the bladder
What is the transformation zone of the cervix
The space between the original and the new squamocolumonar junction
What is it called when the uterus is facing the opposite of normal
Retro flexion
How much blood is lost in the menstrual phase
50-150 ml of blood, tissue, mucus, and epithelial cells shed from the endometrium
Approx how many follicles with a female have a puberty
~300,000
What are the two layers of the theca folliculi of the secondary follicle
Theca Interna
(High vascularized cells, secretes precursor androgen that gets converted to estrogen)
Theca externa (Outer later of stromal cells and collagen fibers)
GnRH promotes increased release of…
FSH and LH
Milk ejection is stimulated by
Oxytocin
In relation to menses what does FSH do
Initiates follicular growth
The androgens made by LH are taken up by granulosa cells and turned into estrogen under the influence of FSH
What is the corpus luteum
aka yellow body
Contains remnant of mature follicle after ovulation
What days does the postovulartory phases of the reproductive cycle
15-28
Declining levels of progesterone and estrogen caused the reales of…
Prostaglandins
Which haploid (small/larger) is released for ovulation
The secondary (larger) oocyte
What is an irreversible procedure as as an alternative to tubal ligation
Enssure
Coil is inserted into the tubes which causes scar tissue to form
What structures does the broad ligament support
The ovaries, Fallopian tubes and the uterus
What phase is also known as the secretory phase
The post ovulatory phase
What S/s of Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Frequent urination
Bed wetting
Decreased force of stream
Postvoiding dribbling
What is the source of mental flow
Uterus if implantation does not occur
Which haploid cell undergoes meiosis II
The larger haploid cell ( secondary oocyte)
What two cells breaking down become the corpus luteum
The basement membranes between the theca interna and the granulosa cells mix under the presence of LH and become the corpus luteum
What is the fornix of the vagina
Recess area that surround the vaginal attachment to the cervix
what phase is also known as the proliferative phase
The preovulatory phase
What are the two parts of the broad ligament
The mesometrium part
The mesovarian part
Why is the postovulatory phase known as the secretory phase
Because of the secretion of glycogen by the secretory glands of the endometrium
How many primordial follicles are lost per month.. .due to what?
5,000 -15,000
Atresia (degeneration) or Apoptosis
What is the preovulatory phase
Lasts from day 6-13 of reproductive cycle
What is the pudendum
The vulva
Refers to the external genitalia of the female
How does progestin work in oral contraceptives
It’s a hormone with actions similar to progesterone
- thicken Cervical mucous to block sperm
- also block implantation in the uterus
When does cell division of the zygote begins
While moving towards the uterus
Posteriorly the perimetrium covers what and forms what pouch ?
Covers the rectum
And forms the retrocouterine pouch
What ligaments are inferior to the base of the broad ligaments and extend from the pelvic wall to the crevix and vagina
Cardinal (lateral) ligaments
When is the zona pellucida and the cumulus granulosa attaching ?
Begins in primary follicle development and completes as secondary follicles
Estrogen is synergistic with what other hormones
HGH
What is the tx for Bartholin Gland Cysts
I&D, placement of a word catheter ballot for days-weeks to allowing for healing of duct
What hormones are produced by the female gonads
Progesterone
Estrogen
Inhibin
Relaxin
Where does the sperm cell usually encounter the secondary oocyte
In the Fallopian tubes
Fertilization
What are the cells that surround a follicle called…
What do they do..
Granulosa cells
Begin with cells in single layer awaiting oogenesis (primordial follicle)
Under the influence of FSH cells multiply into layers
(Primary/ secondary follicles)
How many primordial follicles with become mature and ovulated in a females lifetime
~400
What area of the cervix is vulnerable to the HPV virus
The transformation zone
-area for cervical cancers
What is the thickness of the endometrium in the postovulatory phase
12-18 mm
What ligament connects the cervix to the sacrum
The uteroesacral ligament
What changes oogonia into primary oocytes
At 20 weeks gestation
Oogonia are stimulated to begin meiosis 1 which changes tier classification to primary oocytes
In relation to the menses what does GnRH do
Controls both the ovarian and uterine cycles
Stimulates the release of LH and FSH
Stimulates ovarian follicles to produce estrogen
At what week of fetal development is “mid-gestation peroid” of oogensis
20 weeks
Describe the perineum in both men and women
Diamond shaped area medial to thigh and buttocks
Contains the external genitalia and anus
What is the role of granulosa cells in the secondary follicle
Continues to secrete estrogen Luis that builds up in a cavity called the antrum
High estrogen causes what to be released from the Hypothalmus and what from the ant. Pituitary
Hypothalamus: GnRH
Ant. Pituitary: LH
What is the most distal portion of the glans clitoris
The corpus cavernosum of the clitoris
What is the central portion of the uterus called
The body of the uterus
What are the physical characteristics of the resolution phase
Return to pre-excitement phase
The estrogen and the Inhibin secreted by the dominant follicles decrease the release of…
FSH which causes the other less developed follicles to stop growing and undergo atrisia
What is the corpus cavernosum of the clitoris
Erectile and very sensitive tissue that fills with blood during sexual arousal
Engorges the glans clitoris
What is the exposed portion of the clitoris called.?
The glans clitoris
What are the two phases that make up the follicular phase of the reproductive cycle
Menstrual and preovulatory phases
If the oocyte is not fertilized the corpus luteum becomes the…
Corpus albicans
What covers the surface of the ovaries
The germinal epithelium
What are the sections of the Fallopian tube
From the cervix to the body of the uterus Entrance is the intramural To the isthmus To the ampulla To the infundibullum Ends in the ovary
At what age does the prostate double in size
What is this called
Around age 60.
Benign Prostatic Hyerplasia
BPH
What hormone stimulates the ovarian follicles to produce estrogen
GnRH
What arteries supply the stratum functionalis
The spiral Arterioles of the radial arteries
What is the difference between the ovarian cycle and the uterine cycle
Ovarian: includes changes that occur during and afternoon maturation of the locate
Uterine: involves changes in the endometrium that prepare it for implantation of the developing embryo,
Once sperm penetrates the zona pellucida, it signals the secondary oocyte to do what…
To complete meiosis II
Producing an ovum and a secondary body.
What is the inferior extension of the uterus into the vaginal canal called
The cervix