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IPAP 21-2 Freshman Semester > Biochem Block 2 > Flashcards

Biochem Block 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Glycosidic bond in Maltose

A

Alpha 1-4

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2
Q

PGF

A

Hydroxyl @ 9 carbon of a prostaglandin

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3
Q

Polar Neutral Amino Acids

A

Have -OH, -SH, or Amides

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4
Q

Menaquinone

A

K

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5
Q

Linkage Enzyme Reaction

A

1 RXN for a specific bond type

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6
Q

Ezymes are what kind of protein

A

Globular proteins with 3- dimensional shape

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7
Q

Folic Acid

A

B9

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8
Q

Active enzymes end in…

A
  • sins

- ase

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9
Q

Group Enzyme RXN

A

1 RXN for a type of substrates

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10
Q

Cholecalciferol

A

D

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11
Q

Thiamine

A

B1

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12
Q

The active site can from what kind of bonds

A

H-
Salt bridges
And hydrophobic RXNs

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13
Q

Asorbic Acid

A

C

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14
Q

2 composition of Lipids

A

Fatty Acids

Steroids

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15
Q

Polar Basic Groups

A

Contain NH3+ groups

Ammonium

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16
Q

Saturated fatty acids contain

A

C-C

Single carbon bonds

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17
Q

Non polar amino acids

A

Have -H, alkyl groups, or aromatic groups

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18
Q

BIOTIN

A

H/B7

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19
Q

Amylopectin glycosidic bonds

A

Alpha 1-4 and Alpha 1-6

After hydrolization form Dextrins, after hydrolization from Maltose to Glucose

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20
Q

3 things that affect enzyme action

A

Temp
PH
Concentration

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21
Q

Significant info on Cellulose

A

Cannot be digested by human body

Beta 1-4 bonds

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22
Q

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids Contain

A

Only one C=C

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23
Q

Aldose

A

A sugar with a aldehyde as its terminal group

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24
Q

Vmax is the

A

maximum rate achieved by the system

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25
Q

Most common form of glucose

A

D- glucose
AKA dextrose
Building block of cellulose and glycogen

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26
Q

Waxes have what functional group

A

esters

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27
Q

Arachiodonic Acid convert to make…

A

Prostaglandins

Aka eicasonoids

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28
Q

Carbon Naming for 4, 5, and 6 carbon sugars

A

4- tetrose
5- pentose
6-hexose

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29
Q

3 carbon sugar is a….

A

TRIOSE

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30
Q

Saponification

A

Soap

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31
Q

Unsaturated fatty acids contain

A

C=C

Carbon Double bonds

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32
Q

Hydrolysis RXNs

A

Strong acids break apart triacylgycerols

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33
Q

Niacin

A

B3

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34
Q

L- versus D-

A

L- has a -OH group on the left side furthers from the functional group

D- has a -OH on the right side furthest from the functional group

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35
Q

If an inhibitor covalentes bonds then the inhibition is…

A

Irreversible

I.e nerve agents, cyanide

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36
Q

Glycosidic Bond in Sucrose

A

Alpha, Beta 1-2

Cannot form an open chain or be oxidized

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37
Q

Amylose Glycosidic Bonds

A

Alpha 1–4

Form Helixes

38
Q

3 essential Fatty acids

A

Linoleic Acid
Linolenic Acid
Arachodonic Acid

39
Q

How do enzymes effect RXNs

A

Increase the rate of RXN
Are unchanged in the RXN
And Decrease the Ae of the RXN

40
Q

Medical Significance of Lecithin and Cephalin

A

Gylcerophospholipds found in the Brian

Have polar and non polar heads

41
Q

Pyridamines end is

A

-idine

42
Q

Purines end in…

A

-osine

43
Q

Triaclyglycerols are made up of…

A

A glycerol back bone and 3 fatty acids

44
Q

What glycosidic bonds compose polysaccharides

A

Beta 1-4

Polymers of D-Glucose

45
Q

Steroids molecular structure

A

3-6 carbon rings and 1- five carbon Ring with groups at the 18 and 19th carbon

46
Q

Glycogen is also know as…

A

Animal Starch
(Similar to amylopectin)
Alpha 1-4 and alpha 1-6 bonds

47
Q

Km is

A

1/2 Vmax

48
Q

2 kinds of Phospholipids

A

Gylcerophopholipds and Sphingomylein

49
Q

Pentothenic Acid

A

B5

50
Q

Starches are digested by,…

A

Enzymes
Amylase: Saliva
Amylopectin/ Maltase: intestines

Comprise 50 percent of calories

51
Q

PGE

A

Ketone @ 9 carbon in a prostaglandin

52
Q

Allosteric Enzymes

A

Bind at the allosteric not the active site of an enzyme,
Can change the shape of the enzyme or
Can turn of the active site of the enzyme
Can block the Activtion Site
Can be a positive or negative Regulator

53
Q

Fat Soluble Vitamins

A

ADEK

54
Q

Amylose and Amlyopectin are…

A

Starches

55
Q

Ketoses

A

A sugar with a ketone in is carbon chain

56
Q

Poly unsaturated fatty acids contain

A

Multiple C=C

57
Q

Most abundant steroid in the human body

A

Cholesterol

58
Q

Antimetabolites are

A

Competitive Inhibitor Enzymes used in medicine

59
Q

Fructose

A

A 6 carbon sugar with a ketone group

60
Q

9 Essential Amino Acids

A 
Histidine
Isoluecine
Luecine
Methanione 
Phynelalanine 
Threonine 
Tryptophan 
Valine 
Lysine
61
Q

Non competitive Inhibition effect on Km/Vmax

A

Km unchanged, Vmax decreases

62
Q

What is Chirality

A

A molecule that can not be superimposed on itself

I,.e a chiral carbon bound to 4 different groups

63
Q

Almost ALL naturally occurring fatty acids contain one or more….

A

Cis double bonds

64
Q

Proteins are Denatured at what temp

A

50 degrees Celsius

65
Q

Inactive Enzymes end in….

A

-ogins

66
Q

Importance of D- Galactose

A

Cellular membranes and Nervous System

67
Q

Glycosidic Bond in Lactose

A

Beta 1-4

68
Q

Glycerophospholipids contain

A

two fatty acids that form ester bonds with the first and second hydroxyl groups of glycerol.

Made of amino alcohols

69
Q

Pyradoxine

A

B6

70
Q

3 kinds of Amino Alcohols

A

Choline, Sereing, Ethanoline

71
Q

Sphingomyelin

A

contains sphingosine instead of glycerol.

A fatty acid, phosphate, and an amino alcohol.

72
Q

Enzyme bonding can be two types

A

Lock and Key

Induced Fit

73
Q

Sphingolipds are made of….

A

A sphingosine, a fatty acid, and a phosphate-amino alcohol

74
Q

Fructose aka

A

Ketohexose

Made from the hydrolysis of sucrose

75
Q

Absolute Enzyme RXN

A

1 RXN for only 1 Substrate

76
Q

Aldopentose

A

A 5 carbon sugar with an aldehyde terminal group

77
Q

Competitive Inhibition actions of Km/Vmax

A

Km increases V max unchanged

78
Q

Peptide bonds are what type of bond

A

Amide

79
Q

Glucose+ Glucose

A

Maltose + H20

80
Q

Cholesterol is needed for…

A

Lipid bi-layer
Nerve tissue
Brian tissue
Vitamin D

81
Q

Retinol

A

A

82
Q

Glucose + Galactose

A

Lactose + H20

83
Q

Cobalamin

A

B12

84
Q

Stereoisomers

A

Molecules with the same empirical formula, but different molecular formulas

85
Q

Covalent Modification

A

Enzyme activity is modified by covalent bonds to a group on the polypeptide chain that are formed or broken.

86
Q

3 types of RXN types

A

Absolute
Group
Linkage

87
Q

Tocopherol

A

E

88
Q

Glucose+ Fructose

A

Sucrose + H20

89
Q

Polar Acid A.A.

A

Have -COO- groups

90
Q

Hydrogenation RXNs

A

Unsaturated fatty acids react with H+ and become Saturated Fatty Acids

91
Q

RIBOFLAVIN

A

B2

IPAP 21-2 Freshman Semester (22 decks)

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