Biochem Block 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Glycosidic bond in Maltose
A
Alpha 1-4
2
Q
PGF
A
Hydroxyl @ 9 carbon of a prostaglandin
3
Q
Polar Neutral Amino Acids
A
Have -OH, -SH, or Amides
4
Q
Menaquinone
A
K
5
Q
Linkage Enzyme Reaction
A
1 RXN for a specific bond type
6
Q
Ezymes are what kind of protein
A
Globular proteins with 3- dimensional shape
7
Q
Folic Acid
A
B9
8
Q
Active enzymes end in…
A
- sins
- ase
9
Q
Group Enzyme RXN
A
1 RXN for a type of substrates
10
Q
Cholecalciferol
A
D
11
Q
Thiamine
A
B1
12
Q
The active site can from what kind of bonds
A
H-
Salt bridges
And hydrophobic RXNs
13
Q
Asorbic Acid
A
C
14
Q
2 composition of Lipids
A
Fatty Acids
Steroids
15
Q
Polar Basic Groups
A
Contain NH3+ groups
Ammonium
16
Q
Saturated fatty acids contain
A
C-C
Single carbon bonds
17
Q
Non polar amino acids
A
Have -H, alkyl groups, or aromatic groups
18
Q
BIOTIN
A
H/B7
19
Q
Amylopectin glycosidic bonds
A
Alpha 1-4 and Alpha 1-6
After hydrolization form Dextrins, after hydrolization from Maltose to Glucose
20
Q
3 things that affect enzyme action
A
Temp
PH
Concentration
21
Q
Significant info on Cellulose
A
Cannot be digested by human body
Beta 1-4 bonds
22
Q
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids Contain
A
Only one C=C
23
Q
Aldose
A
A sugar with a aldehyde as its terminal group
24
Q
Vmax is the
A
maximum rate achieved by the system
25
Most common form of glucose
D- glucose
AKA dextrose
Building block of cellulose and glycogen
26
Waxes have what functional group
esters
27
Arachiodonic Acid convert to make…
Prostaglandins
| Aka eicasonoids
28
Carbon Naming for 4, 5, and 6 carbon sugars
4- tetrose
5- pentose
6-hexose
29
3 carbon sugar is a….
TRIOSE
30
Saponification
Soap
31
Unsaturated fatty acids contain
C=C
| Carbon Double bonds
32
Hydrolysis RXNs
Strong acids break apart triacylgycerols
33
Niacin
B3
34
L- versus D-
L- has a -OH group on the left side furthers from the functional group
D- has a -OH on the right side furthest from the functional group
35
If an inhibitor covalentes bonds then the inhibition is…
Irreversible
I.e nerve agents, cyanide
36
Glycosidic Bond in Sucrose
Alpha, Beta 1-2
| Cannot form an open chain or be oxidized
37
Amylose Glycosidic Bonds
Alpha 1–4
Form Helixes
38
3 essential Fatty acids
Linoleic Acid
Linolenic Acid
Arachodonic Acid
39
How do enzymes effect RXNs
Increase the rate of RXN
Are unchanged in the RXN
And Decrease the Ae of the RXN
40
Medical Significance of Lecithin and Cephalin
Gylcerophospholipds found in the Brian
Have polar and non polar heads
41
Pyridamines end is
-idine
42
Purines end in…
-osine
43
Triaclyglycerols are made up of…
A glycerol back bone and 3 fatty acids
44
What glycosidic bonds compose polysaccharides
Beta 1-4
| Polymers of D-Glucose
45
Steroids molecular structure
3-6 carbon rings and 1- five carbon Ring with groups at the 18 and 19th carbon
46
Glycogen is also know as…
Animal Starch
(Similar to amylopectin)
Alpha 1-4 and alpha 1-6 bonds
47
Km is
1/2 Vmax
48
2 kinds of Phospholipids
Gylcerophopholipds and Sphingomylein
49
Pentothenic Acid
B5
50
Starches are digested by,…
Enzymes
Amylase: Saliva
Amylopectin/ Maltase: intestines
Comprise 50 percent of calories
51
PGE
Ketone @ 9 carbon in a prostaglandin
52
Allosteric Enzymes
Bind at the allosteric not the active site of an enzyme,
Can change the shape of the enzyme or
Can turn of the active site of the enzyme
Can block the Activtion Site
Can be a positive or negative Regulator
53
Fat Soluble Vitamins
ADEK
54
Amylose and Amlyopectin are…
Starches
55
Ketoses
A sugar with a ketone in is carbon chain
56
Poly unsaturated fatty acids contain
Multiple C=C
57
Most abundant steroid in the human body
Cholesterol
58
Antimetabolites are
Competitive Inhibitor Enzymes used in medicine
59
Fructose
A 6 carbon sugar with a ketone group
60
9 Essential Amino Acids
```
Histidine
Isoluecine
Luecine
Methanione
Phynelalanine
Threonine
Tryptophan
Valine
Lysine
```
61
Non competitive Inhibition effect on Km/Vmax
Km unchanged, Vmax decreases
62
What is Chirality
A molecule that can not be superimposed on itself
| I,.e a chiral carbon bound to 4 different groups
63
Almost ALL naturally occurring fatty acids contain one or more….
Cis double bonds
64
Proteins are Denatured at what temp
50 degrees Celsius
65
Inactive Enzymes end in….
-ogins
66
Importance of D- Galactose
Cellular membranes and Nervous System
67
Glycosidic Bond in Lactose
Beta 1-4
68
Glycerophospholipids contain
two fatty acids that form ester bonds with the first and second hydroxyl groups of glycerol.
Made of amino alcohols
69
Pyradoxine
B6
70
3 kinds of Amino Alcohols
Choline, Sereing, Ethanoline
71
Sphingomyelin
contains sphingosine instead of glycerol.
A fatty acid, phosphate, and an amino alcohol.
72
Enzyme bonding can be two types
Lock and Key
| Induced Fit
73
Sphingolipds are made of….
A sphingosine, a fatty acid, and a phosphate-amino alcohol
74
Fructose aka
Ketohexose
| Made from the hydrolysis of sucrose
75
Absolute Enzyme RXN
1 RXN for only 1 Substrate
76
Aldopentose
A 5 carbon sugar with an aldehyde terminal group
77
Competitive Inhibition actions of Km/Vmax
Km increases V max unchanged
78
Peptide bonds are what type of bond
Amide
79
Glucose+ Glucose
Maltose + H20
80
Cholesterol is needed for…
Lipid bi-layer
Nerve tissue
Brian tissue
Vitamin D
81
Retinol
A
82
Glucose + Galactose
Lactose + H20
83
Cobalamin
B12
84
Stereoisomers
Molecules with the same empirical formula, but different molecular formulas
85
Covalent Modification
Enzyme activity is modified by covalent bonds to a group on the polypeptide chain that are formed or broken.
86
3 types of RXN types
Absolute
Group
Linkage
87
Tocopherol
E
88
Glucose+ Fructose
Sucrose + H20
89
Polar Acid A.A.
Have -COO- groups
90
Hydrogenation RXNs
Unsaturated fatty acids react with H+ and become Saturated Fatty Acids
91
RIBOFLAVIN
B2
