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Animal Health > set 6 > Flashcards

set 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Advantages to stockers/backgrounders

A
  • growth phase put on weight cheaply
  • high forage diets(less expensive)
  • good for producers who like to manage this period
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2
Q

Disadvantages to stockers

A

very risky period health wise

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3
Q

Reasons for disease spike post arrival

A
  • recently weaned(stressful)
  • commingled with calves from many sources
  • exposed to many diseases for the first time
  • off-feed for few days
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4
Q

Biggest issue for stockers

A

respiratory disease

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5
Q

Bovine respiratory disease

A

shipping fever

  • lung infections(pneumonia) caused by pathogens normally residing in the nose and throat of sick animals
  • mutli agent( virus+bacteria+ high stress= BRD)
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6
Q

Clinical signs of BRD arise when?

A

7-10 days after arriving

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7
Q

Clinical signs of BRD include?

A
  • depression
  • decreased food intake
  • no signs of other disease
  • high temperature >40C
  • +/- cough and nasal discharge
  • +/- increased respiratory effort
  • +/- weight loss
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8
Q

Consequences of BRD

A
  • if untreated case fatality of 30%
  • early treatment has 80-90% success
  • death if 2/3 of lung damaged or if toxemia occurs
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9
Q

Primary respiratory pathogens of BRD

A
  • cause significant disease by themselves
  • IBR
  • Bovine respiratory syncytial virus(BRSV)
  • Parainfluenza type 3(PI3)
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10
Q

Secondary pathogens

A

bovine viral diarrhea virus(BVDV)

-viral infections further depress immune function, don’t actually cause pneumonia itself

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11
Q

Mannheimiahemolytica

A

most severe

  • commensal organism- part of resident flora in upper respiratory tract
  • becomes pathogenic(replicates quickly in lungs)
  • produces leukotoxin that destroys WBC , inflames lung tissue
  • causes most severe damaage of the bacterial respiratory pathogens
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12
Q

Pasteurellamultocida

A

commensal- found in 20-60% of clinically normal calves

implicated in fatal BRD second to m. haemolytica

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13
Q

Histophilissomni

A

commensal
virulence factors on cell wall- inflame blood vessels
-early pneumonia- BRD in recently weaned calves

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14
Q

Mycoplasma bovis

A

not commensal- passed from calf-calf

  • causes other conditions as well- mastitis, arthritis, abortion
  • chronic carries(hard to culture/diagnose)
  • respond poorly to antibiotics- sensative to tetracyclines
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15
Q

BRD Prevention

A

Increase immunity

  • buy pre-weaned, bunk adjusted calves
  • vaccinate on arrival or in 4 weeks NOT IN BETWEEN
  • provide higher quality feed/forage
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16
Q

Most important health management tools

A
  1. animal records
    - pen location
    - farm source
    - medication given, withdrawl times
    - response to treatment
  2. post-mortem
    - large scale testing may not be feasible
    - knowing the cause of death-critical
    - aids in planning preventative medicine programs
17
Q

Health management objectives for feedlots

A
  • rapid growth rate
  • maximization of feed conversion efficiency
  • reduction in morbidity, mortality, culling rates
  • optimization of health expenditures
  • reduction in antimicrobial residues
18
Q

Finished product sold to?

A

market- packers buy live animal
direct to packer- packer buys graded carcass weight cattle
direct to consumer- freezer beef, send to butcher and sell to friends

19
Q

For direct to packer and direct to consumer, the price is influenced by?

A
  • carcass yield
  • grade
  • maturity
  • meat colour
  • fat colour
20
Q

When trimming the carcass the following are removed

A
  • bruises- caused during transport, horns,
  • injection sites
  • head condemned- squamous cell carcinoma
21
Q

Subacute Ruminal Acidosis economic issue

A
  • condemnation liver

- suboptimal weight gains

22
Q

Prevention of subactue ruminal acidosis

A
  • careful ration formulation, mixing and delivery
  • PM deads to determine level of liver abscesses
  • keep records of slaughter condemnation
  • prophylactic antibiotics in feed
23
Q

Meat grade

A

-based on marbling

24
Q

Marbling

A

-genetics plays a role(angus )
heifers more than steers
-starts accumulating at a young age
increased when calves weaned younger on grain diet
-reduced in sick animals
-male calves left intact longer=less marbling
-more aggressive animals= reduced

25
Q

Why do we castrate bulls in feedlots?

A

inappropriate management for calving on feedlot
risk of complications/death at calving
often younger heifers- likely to have fetal maternal disproportion
poor feed:gain ratio
less uniform growth
welfare issue

Animal Health (22 decks)

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