Final 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Biosecurity refers to?

A

the steps taken to protect the pig farm from entry of infectious disease

  • viral
  • bacterial
  • fungal
  • parasitic
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2
Q

Biosecurity in Canada

A
  • farms separated geographically
  • country separated from Europe, Mexico and Africa
  • climate
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3
Q

Most common source of disease is?

A

new arrivals

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4
Q

When bringing in new arrivals what should you do?

A

quarantine new boars/gilts for at least 60 days

  • test for disease
  • vaccinate
  • expose to sentinel pigs
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5
Q

Other ways disease can enter a farm

A
  • introduction of pigs carrying disease
  • semen from boar stud
  • trucks, equipment (contaminated with manure)
  • contaminated feed
  • rats, mice, birds, dogs and cats
  • people (directly ie influenza or contaminated boots)
  • aerosol- virus particles blown from neighboring farm
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6
Q

CAZ=?

A

controlled access zone

  • pig farm yard
  • -building and driveway
  • access limited
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7
Q

RAZ=?

A

restricted access zone

  • labeled with signs, locked doors
  • where pigs are housed
  • wash hands or shower
  • change from street clothes into barn boots and coveralls
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8
Q

Biosecurity: vehicles

A
  • can be contaminated by pig manure from other farms
  • ensure trucks that have been to other farms have been cleaned
  • don’t allow vehicles near barn
  • have dead-stock pick-up at end of lane
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9
Q

How to know when a pig is about to farrow

A
  • restless
  • milk can be expressed (nipples mroe prominent and red/swollen)
  • contractions, straining (paddling with back legs)
  • piglets born every 10-20 minutes
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10
Q

Still births represent ____% of all births

A

5

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11
Q

The still born piglets are typiccaly?

A
  • last pigs in litter to be born

- have a broken umbilical cord

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12
Q

Sows that are more likely to have stillborn piglets

A
  • older sows
  • sows with larger litters
  • fat sows
  • hot weather
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13
Q

Splay leg birth deficiency

A

weankess

  • not very mobile
  • hard to compete with others
  • will die because won’t get enough food for energy (hypoglycemia) or colostrum to fend off pathogens
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14
Q

Major causes of pre weaning mortality

A

management (crushing of piglets from not using farrowing crates and non-slip flooring)
-chilling- low viability guy will die of hypothermia- have no fat stores at birth
-starvation
Disease
-diarrhea

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15
Q

Piglet processing includes:

A

iron administration (prevents anemia)
clipping of needle teath
castrate males
dock tails

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16
Q

Diarrhea in piglets can be caused by?

A

Colibacillosis
Transmissible Gastroenteritis
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea
Coccidiosis

17
Q

If a piglet has diarrhea

A
escherichia coli(colibacillosisi)
-too early for virus or parasite to infect them
18
Q

If a piglet has diarrhea at around 2 days of age it is likely?

A

TGE or PED

19
Q

If a piglet is sick around 5 days of age (could also show at 1-3 weeks) it is likely?

A

cystiospora suis (coccidiosis)

20
Q

Colibacillosis

A

Agent: Escherichia coli
-pathogenic E.coli must be present
Pathogenesis: Fecal-oral route
-attachement and colonization of villi of small intestine
-bacteria produce enterotoxins
-excess fluid secretion into lumen
Clinical signs
-watery to creamy diarrhea that can begin within hours of birth
-piglets become dehydrated and weak
-more common in gilt litters
-morbidity and mortality rates can be high

21
Q

How to Control for Colibacillosis

A

maximize lactogenic immunity
-vaccinate sows prior to farrowing
-vaccinate gilts twice, sows once with killed vaccine
minimize challenge
-all in/all out farrowing rooms
keep piglets warm
-chilling reduces gut mobility, decreases sucking
Minimize transmission
-wash hands after handling piglets with diarrhea
-handle litters with diarrhea last

22
Q

Transmissible Gastroenteritis

A

Agent: a corona virus
-heat labile
-very stable when frozen
-seasonal disease- highest incidence in winter months
Pathogenesis: fecal-oral (nasal) route
-severe villous atrophy in neonates
-entereocyte growth from base of crypt to tips of villi
(neonate ~3 weeks slow vs adults ~3 )
Clinical signs
-vomiting and watery diarrhea
-all ages of pig affected younger = more severe
-high mortality in young piglets, see diarrhea
-spread through herd

23
Q

How to control transmissible gastroentritis

A

Expose all animals (feedback program)
Institute strict biosecurity
Close herd
Clean and disinfect barn- monitor sows for sero-conversion

24
Q

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

A

Agent: PED virus - a coronavirus

25
Q

Coccidial disease

A

Etiology: protozoal parasite - cystisospora suis
Pathogenesis:
-grow in enterocytes of small intestine
-cause milk to moderate villous atrophy
Predisposing factor: cement floors and late summer
Clinical Signs:
-mild creamy diarrhea
-affects older piglets at least 5 days of age but usually 1-3 weeks of age
-slow growth
-high morbidity but low mortality

26
Q

How to control for coccidial disease

A
Antibiotic treatment ineffective
-no vaccine
-anti-parasite medication available
Long term
-change flooring to perforated, raised floors