Lecture 5

Question 1

Foreign Animal Diseases

Answer 1

Predominately foreign to Canada

-ex foot and mouth disease(also found on the reportable list)

Question 2

Notifiable diseases

Answer 2

• communicable diseases that have been identified by federal government as priority for monitoring
• emphasis on human health pathogens

Question 3

FMD agent

Answer 3

virus: aphthovirus
- highly contagious
- # 1 reportable disease worldwide

Question 4

FMD host

Answer 4

multi-species

• mainly affecting sheep, goat and cattle
• pigs don’t show overt signs

Question 5

FMD Epidemiology

Answer 5

• wild and domestic: cloven-footed mammals
• elephants, rodents, hedgehogs can be carriers
• pigs most potent excretors of airborne virus
• cattle most susceptible to airborne virus
• can infect humans but VERY rare and mild form

Question 6

Last FMD outbreak

Answer 6

Canada 1952

USA 1929

Question 7

FMD transmission

Answer 7

• direct contact with infected animal
• indirect- fomites, hay, vehicles
• airborne- can travel long distances by air
• humans and fomites- need to be aware of foot hygiene

Question 8

Clinical signs of FMD

Answer 8

• acutely high fever
• vesicular(blisters) eruptions in the mouth, hooves and udder
• salivating, lameness
• loss of appetite, decreased milk production
• many animals recover but the disease leaves them weakened and debilitated

Question 9

Major concerns for the Canadian agriculture industry if an outbreak occured

Answer 9

• shut down of exports
• rapid spread
• restrict farm-to-farm movement
• disposal of carcasses
• economy
• human mental health

Question 10

Aujeszky’s Disease agent

Answer 10

herpes virus

Question 11

Aujeszky’s Disease epidemiology

Answer 11

USA eradicated from commercial hogs in 2004 but present in feral hog population
-not present in Canada

Question 12

Aujeszky’s Disease hosts

Answer 12

swine is the natural host

• dead-end hosts(all mammals)-typically die before they shed the virus
• clinical signs are different in the natural host vs the dead end host

Question 13

Aujeszky’s Disease transmission

Answer 13

horizontal- oral and nasal secretions
vertical transmission- transplacental, milk, vaginal mucosa
possibly airborne
indirect- fomites

Question 14

Aujeszky’s Disease clinical signs

Answer 14

dead end hosts
-animals die within 1-2 days 
natural hosts- neonates
-litless, anorexic and febrile 
-high mortality 
older pigs
-primarily respiratory signs-coughing
-high fever, anorexia, tremors, convulsions
-high morbidity
-low to moderate mortalilty
sows
-abortions
-still births
-weak pigs

Question 15

Rabies control done by?

Answer 15

vaccination program domestic animals
vaccination programs wild animals
public education

Question 16

Rabies transmission

Answer 16

through the saliva of an infected animal

infection occurs primarily via bite wound, or open cuts in mouth, eye and skin

Question 17

Clinical signs of rabies

Answer 17

behaviour changes
wobbly gait, paralysis that progresses to death
sudden death
furious form: aggressive
dumb form: depression and paralysis– excessive salivation
death results fro progressive paralysis

Question 18

BSE clinical signs

Answer 18

aggressive behaviour
lack of co-ordination
weight loss

Question 19

Toxoplasmosis agent

Answer 19

parasite

toxplamsa gondii

Question 20

Toxoplasmosis epidemiology

Answer 20

human infection via undercooked/uncooked meat, handling cat feces

Question 21

Symptoms of toxoplasmosis

Answer 21

flu-like symptoms
immunocompromised individuals at risk
pregnant women at risk

Question 22

Transmission of toxoplasmosis

Answer 22

fecal oral route

• cats excrete oocysts of toxoplasma parasite in feces
• pigs become infected consuming oocyts
• oocyts mature in muscle

Question 23

Control measures for toxoplasmosis

Answer 23

cat rodent control programs
biosecurity programs
on farm control programs