Final 4 Flashcards
Finishing phase
housed in groups
remain here until reach market weigh
-~11kg
Spend 100-120 days in finishing barn
Growth maturatin occurs in the following order
nervous tissue
bone
muscle
fat
Sex differences affecting growth
barrows grow faster than gilts but are fatter
-if feed is cheap can feed barrows
-if feed is expensive then gilts take better advantage of that food although grow slower
Boars grow fastest and are leanest
-but have to castrate them early on to prevent welfare issues
How does environement affect ADG?
overcrowding
-10% reduction in space=4% drop in ADG
temperature
1 degree heat stress=0.02 ADG
What type of disease is most common in finisher pigs
respiratory disease
-GI also important
Enzootic pneumonia
Etiologic agent: mycoplasma hyponeumoniae Clinical signs -dry, hacking cough -spreads slowly -rarely fatal -reduces growth rate Transmission -horizontal -sow-to-piglet: in grower/finisher -pig-to-pig: in grower/finisher High morbidity Low mortality Pathogenesis -MH colonizes trachea and bronchial epithelial cells -clumps cilia -accumulation of secretory and cellular debris gravitate from bronchi to alveoli
Prevention/control of enzootic pneumonia
vaccination
-vaccine reduces prevalence and severity of disease
-does NOT prevent colonization or infection
Strategic medication with antibioitcs prior to or during peak exposure:
-antimicrobials reduce infection pressure but do not eliminate M. hyo infection
-essential to control secondary bacterial infections
Prevention/control
-buy mycoplasma-free pigs
-good air quality
-all-in/all-out pig flow
-vaccinate pigs in nursery
-antibiotics if necessary
Pleuropneumonia
etiologic agent: actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
clinical signs
-acute disease outbreak
-chronic problem
Treatment
-inject antibiotics
-good air quality, minimize mixing, don’t crowd
-try not to add new pigs to the barn until disease is under control
Prevention/control of pleuropneumonia
- avoid introducing APP into naive herd
- good air quality, minimize mixing, don’t crowd
- all-in/all-out pig flow
- anitbiotics necessary
Swine influenza
etiologic agent: influenza virus A
Clinical signs:
-textbook: sudden outbreak, barking cough, high fever, spreads rapidly and lasts about one week
-in reality: influenze is present on many farms, cycles of reoccuring respiratory disease, often in combination with other pathogens
How to control swine influenza
- possible vaccination
- control secondary diseases
- all-in/all-out flow of pigs
- don’t allow humans with flu-like symptoms into barn
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS)
Etiologic agent: PRRS virus
-most prevalent
Clinical signs
-in the sow herd may see abortions and dramatic increase in preweaning mortality
-grower pigs have coughing, breathing difficulty, increased mortality and slower growth
-lung looks wet and rubbery
Control of PRRS
management factors -especially all-in/all-out environmental factors control of temperature fluctuations and stresses Disease control -especially mycoplasma hypopneumonia Immunity
Ileitis
Etiologic agent: lawsonia intracellularis
Poor growth
Variation in pig size
Sporadic diarrhea
Occasionally, sudden death with severe bloody diarrhea
Pathogenesis
-bacteria invades cells of intestine cause thickening of small intestinal wall
Ileitis control
Difficult to eliminate
Sanitation- slatted floors, AIAO flow
Vaccinate- via water, may be inconsistent protection
Feed medication
