Final 5

Question 1

Breed on ____ heat

Answer 1

second or third heat

Question 2

Who stays in heat longer? Gilts or sows?

Answer 2

sows

Question 3

Why should you avoid continual boar exposure

Answer 3

• they can get bored

- not as exciting as if brought boar in for 10-20 mins each day

Question 4

Weaning to breeding interval

Answer 4

• should be 4 or 5 days for most sows
• biggest problem is parity 1
• sign of problem is parity 2 litter size drop

Question 5

Two major reasons for problem in weaning to breeding interval

Answer 5

poor energy level coming off lactation
-doesn’t cycle from not eating properly/NEB
Missed heat

Question 6

Semen storage

Answer 6

• swine industry uses fresh semen
• very delicate
• needs to be kept at 17 or 18C
• dilute male sperm to impregnate several females with it
• might also put antibiotics to keep disease down
• shelf life of about 4-5 days

Question 7

Signs of estrus

Answer 7

immobility- occurs rapidly in mid-estrus 
ears- erect ears 
lack of vocalization
vaginal viscosity 
vaginal vulval colour

Question 8

Small litter size

Answer 8

Overall genetics
Gilts- bred on 1st heat, nutriton, quality and timing of breeding
Sows- 2nd parity drop- short lactation length
Old sows with drop in live births

Question 9

Solving Farrowing rate problems

Answer 9

regular returns 
-timing of breeding
-semen quality 
-breeding technique
irregular returns (>23)
-infectious disease
-seasonal infertility
-stress such as fighting

Question 10

Reproductive targets

Answer 10

farrowing rates >85%
total born/litter ~12
born alive/litter ~11
Stillborn pigs/litter

Question 11

Parvovirus

Answer 11

Agent: Porcine pavovirus
-ubiquitous virus
Cause of embryonic and fetal death
CLinical signs:
-Increase in number of sows returning to estrus post breeding
-decrease in number of piglets born alive
-increase in number of mummified piglets
mainly gilt litters affected
Pathogenesis
-virus crosses placenta and travels from fetus to fetus along the uterine horn- replicates in cells undergoing mitosis

Question 12

After about ____ days a fetus can fight off parvo virus

Answer 12

70

Question 13

Control of parvovirus

Answer 13

virtually impossible to eliminate
vaccination-many killed vaccines available 
Recommended vaccination program
-gilts-twice- 5 and 2 weeks pre-breeding
-sows-revaccinated 2 weeks pre-breeding
-boars- twice annually

Question 14

Erysipelas

Answer 14

AgentL erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
diamond skin disease 
resistant to drying 
all age groups susceptible 
Pathogenesis and clinical signs
-systemic vasculitis 
-high fever
-purplish skin on snout, abdomen, ears
-diamond skin lesions- raised, red
-develop arthritis and vegetative endocarditis 
POTENTIAL ZOONOSIS

Question 15

Prevention/control of erysipelas

Answer 15

vaccination
-not the best
-lasts 3-4 months
-every weaning vaccinate
quarantine incoming stock
good sanitation and hygiene
cull animals with joint lesions
treat affected animals with antibiotics/water medication

Question 16

PRRSV

Answer 16

Virus
one of the most significant disease in the swine industry
Proprties of genus
-cause asymptomatic persistent infection
-can cause severe fatal disease
-replicates in macrophages
-exhibit considerable genetic mutation and recombination
Etiology
-considerable strain variation resulting from genetic mutation and recombination
-considerable variation in virulence among strains
-distinct clusters which are antigenically and genetically distinct
Die because of respiratory issues C

Question 17

Clinical signs of PRRSV

Answer 17

Reproduction
-pregnant sow- fever, anorexia, sow mortality if virulent, minimal impact in 1st and 2nd trimester
-3rd trimester- transplacental infection (>72 days)= repro failure and infertility 
Respriatory
-congentially infected suckling pigs
-nursery and grower pigs 
-dyspnea "thumping" most common
-cyanosis of extreneties
-minimal coughing in pure PRRS pneumonia
-immunosuppressive