Sept6 M3-Week 2 review Flashcards
oligomenorrhea def
<9 periods a year
5 stigmata assoc with Turner
- diff BP in 2 arms
- high arch palate
- low hair line
- angiomas
- webbed neck
why are pregnancies in Turner high risk?
because of heart issues. do US before pregnancy
most common cause of secondary amenorrhea
PCOS
how do you treat a MRKH (Mullerian agenesis) patient who would like to have sex?
-new vagina (surgery)
OR
-dilation
first line tx for ovulation induction in PCOS
diet and exercise
see a polyp occluding the external os of the cervix: what to do
refer to colposcopy or gynecology bc they have specific ways of stopping the bleeding
mech of action of ulipristal acetate + used when
selective progesterone R modulator.
- to treat leiomyomas (fibroids)
- morning after pill
FSH and LH R blockers examples
don’t exist
note: FSH and LH Rs are in the gonads. GnRH Rs are in the pit
selective estrogen R modulators some examples
- tamoxifen
- clomiphene citrate
most common cause of primary amenorrhea
POF
long term consequences of PCOS
- endometrial cancer
- metabolic syndrome
- CVD
why is hormone replacement imp in people with POF (2)
- prevent osteoporosis (estrogen is imp for bone health)
2. prevent CV disease
main mechanism of action of LNG-IUS (Mirena progesterone IUD)
thickening of the cervical mucous + progesterone effect on endometrial lining (thinning)
main mech of action of copper IUD
spermicide action secondary to intrauterine inflammation
common SEs of OCP
-breast tenderness
-nausea
-irregular spotting
(resolve after 3 months)
uncommon SEs of OCP
- venous thromboembolism
- headaches
false SEs of OCP (things people think are SEs of OCP but are NOT. OCP don’t cause these)
- weight gain
- bloating
contraindications to IUD insertion
- active PID
- 2 to 28 days post-delivery (BUT RIGHT AFTER DELIVERY IS FINE!! but high rate of expulsion bc cervix dilated)
- abnormal uterine cavity
OCP helps reduce risk of what cancers
-ovarian ca
-endometrial ca
-colon ca
(breast = no effect or slightly increased risk)
most OCPs contain what form estrogen?
ethynil estradiol
how many days break should be taken between each course of progesterone only pill?
0 days
charact of P only pill
- no periods
- have to be taken in the same 3 hours window every day
how lactation amenorrhea works as a contraception (what’s the method)
breastfeed every 3 hours
which Abx strongly interacts with COCs reducing their efficacy
rifampin
other Abx killing bugs in the gut also have an effect
where is the combined hormonal patch applied
somewhere where lot of fat and not too much friction
- buttocks
- abdomen
many of the meds to treat which condition are known to interact with COCs?
epilepsy
