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Bloc I - Reproduction > Sept5 M3-Pelvis_Anatomy_lecture_4 > Flashcards

Sept5 M3-Pelvis_Anatomy_lecture_4 Flashcards

1
Q

boundaries of the urogenital triangle

A

(will be formed by some boundaries of pelvic outlet)

  • pubic symphysis
  • ischiopubic rami
  • imaginary line between the ischial tuberosities
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2
Q

IRL tilt of the UG triangle when pelvis properly tilted

A

horizontal. surface of triangle facing down.

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3
Q

3 parts of levator ani (extend into the UG triangle)

A
  • iliococcygeus (most lat and post)
  • pubococcygeus
  • puborectalis (most medial and ant)
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4
Q

levator ani and coccygeus muscle relation to SS ligament

A

are deep to it in the body so are anterior to SS lig

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5
Q

iliococcygeus comes off what bone

A

ischial spine

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6
Q

perineal membrane def

A

thin sheet of tought CT (fascia) covering the UG triangle

  • dividing point between UG and anal triangles so dividing point between rectum and vagina (**SAME BOUNDARIES AS UG TRIANGLE)
  • urethral opening (hole in perineal membrane) for urethra
  • vaginal opening (hole in perineal memb) post to urethral one
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7
Q

perineal body def

A

center point of the diamond formed by the UG and anal triangles.
-small mass of fibrous tissue between rectum and vagina and at midpoint between ischial tuberosities

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8
Q

perineal body relations

A
  • anterior: vestibule (opening) of the vagina OR bulb of the penis
  • posterior: anal canal
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9
Q

muscles attaching to the perineal body

A
  • levator ani
  • superficial and deep transverse perineal muscles
  • bulbospongiosus muscle
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10
Q

perineal body clinical significance

A

can be damaged during difficult childbirth. consequence = possible prolapse of pelvic viscera

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11
Q

deep and superficial perineal pouch

A

pouches (spaces) deep and superficial to the perineal membrane

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12
Q

structures in deep perineal pouch in the male

A
  • membranous urethra (part of urethra between prostatic and penile)
  • bulbourethral (Cowper’s) glands on each side of membranous urethra, pierce through perineal membrane to enter penile urethra
  • external urethral sphincter (muscle). voluntary control
  • deep transverse perineal muscle (thin). O and I = right pubic rami to left pubic rami. same for superficial
  • perineal nerves and vesseks (in back of perineal membrane)
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13
Q

origin of perineal nerve

A

pudendal n

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14
Q

origin of perineal vessels

A

internal pudendal a (takes same path as pudendal n). when it reaches the back of the UG triangle, it gives superficial and deep branches)

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15
Q

bulbourethral (Cowper’s) glands fct

A
  • secrete pre-ejaculate to lubricate the urethra

- neutralize traces of acidic urine

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16
Q

structures in the deep perineal pouch in the female

A
  • proximal urethra
  • external urethral sphincter (muscle)
  • vagina
  • deep transverse perineal muscles
  • perineal vessels and nerves
  • no glands*
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17
Q

structures of superficial perineal pouch in the female (except muscles and neurovascular supply)

A
  • vestibule (opening of vagina and urethra)
  • greater vestibular glands (Bartholin’s) (give ducts opening on side of vagina)
  • bulb of the vestibule (2 bulbs of erectile tissue lat to vestibule and extending anteriorly) (in men, becomes corpus spongiosum)
  • fourchette (posterior portion of the vagina)
  • urethral orifice
  • vaginal orifice
  • body of clitoris (containing corpora cavernosa)
  • crura of the clitoris (lying against the ischiopubic rami). come together at midline to form body of clitoris
18
Q

greater vestibular glands (Bartholin’s)

A
  • secrete mucus to lubricate the vagina

- homologous to BU glands in male

19
Q

external genitalia in the female

A
  • mons pubis (over pubis symphysis)
  • clitoris (ant)
  • labia majora
  • labia minora
  • anus
20
Q

muscles in the superficial perineal pouch in the female

A
  • superficial transverse perineal m (along back border of perineal membrane)
  • ischiocavernosus m (covering the crura of the clitoris)
  • bulbospongiosus m (muscle surrounding the vestibule). in the male, the bulb of the penis is continus with corpus spongiosum so name remained)
21
Q

neurovascular supply in superficial perineal pouch in female

A
  • perineal nerves (from pudendal n splitting in superficial and deep)
  • perineal vessels (front internal pudendal a and v)
22
Q

path of pudendal n, a and v

A
  • out of greater sciatic foramen with inferior gluteal
  • reach gluteal region
  • come back underneath in perineum (wraps around ischial spine)
  • go below piriformis
  • reach back of UG triangle
  • give superficial and deep branches
23
Q

superficial perineal pouch structures in the male except neurovascular

A
  • crura of the penis (crus on each side along ischiopubic rami) continuous with the corpora cavernosa
  • bulb of the penis
  • ischiocavernosus m (covers the crura)
  • bulbospongiosus m (covers the bulb of the penis)
  • penile urethra
  • superficial transverse perineal m.
  • (root of the penis, basically whole base with crura, bulb and their muscles)
  • (shaft of the penis with the corpora cavernosa and spongiosum)
24
Q

neurovascular supply of superficial perineal pouch in the male

A
  • perineal vessels

- perineal nerves

25
Q

muscles in shaft (body) of penis

A

none

26
Q

bottom vs top of penis

A

bottom = corpus spongiosum (from bulb) with penile urethra (which is therefore enclosed by bulb and corpus spongiosum)
top = 2 corpora cavernosa (from
crura)
*and glans at end of the penis, top and bottom

27
Q

end of urethra name in male

A

external urethral meatus (orifice)

28
Q

internal urethral orifice is where

A

bladder

29
Q

start and end landmarks of the membranous urethra (male)

A

bottom of prostate to perineal membrane. surrounded by external urethral sphincter

30
Q

(important) structure in middle of corpora cavernosa

A 
deep artery (comes from internal pudendal a)
*no venule, vein
31
Q

veins and arteries (other than deep a) in the penis

A
  • deep dorsal and superficial dorsal veins

- dorsal penile artery

32
Q

Buck’s fascia is what

A

deep fascia surrounding the penis and separating the deep and superficial dorsal veins

33
Q

Dartos fascia is where in the penis

A

fascia surrounding the penis and that is superficial to the superficial dorsal veins. skin comes right after it

34
Q

Tunica albuginea is where in the penis

A

deep to the deep dorsal vein

35
Q

order of structures surrounding the penis

A
  • tunica albugenia
  • deep dorsal vv AND DORSAL PENILE ARTERY
  • Buck’s fascia
  • superficial dorsal vv
  • Dartos fascia
  • skin
36
Q

how erection is maintained

A
  • penis filled with blood and this compresses on the thick non elastic Buck’s fascia (superficial to deep dorsal v).
  • deep forsal v is compressed and blood can’t leave
37
Q

structures surrounding the scrotum in the male (in to out)

A
  • tunica vaginalis (from obliterated processus vaginalis = peritoneum coming in inguinal canal)
  • internal spermatic fascia (from transversalis fascia)
  • cremaster muscle (from internal oblique)
  • external spermatic fascia (from external oblique)
  • Dartos fascia (same as one in penis) (continuous with Scarpa’s fascia in abdomen) and muscle
  • skin
38
Q

Scarpa’s fascia is what

A

membranous layer of the superficial fascia in the abdomen (continuous with superficial fascia of the penis and scrotum = Dartos)

39
Q

Colle’s fascia is what

A

piece of the Dartos fascia that extends in the pelvis to form the superficial perineal fascia

40
Q

perforation of urethra without penetration of Buck’s fascia gives what

A

urine accumulates around the shaft (body) of the penis between Buck’s fascia and tunica albugenia

41
Q

perforation of urethra with penetration of Buck’s fascia gives what

A

urine in scrotum and all the way up the abdominal wall

  • between buck’s fascia and dartos fascia in the penis body region
  • between buck’s fascia and Scarpa’s fascia in the dorsal penis shaft region
  • between Buck’s fascia and Dartos fascia of scrotum and between Buck’s fascia and Colle’s fascia for region of ventral penis shaft

Bloc I - Reproduction (57 decks)

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