Aug29 M2-Synthesis_Steroid_Hormones Flashcards
(imp) adrenal cortex steroids
androgens, glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids
(imp) ovaries steroids
progesterone, androgens, estradiol
(imp) testes steroids
testosterone, estradiol
(imp) placental steroids
all steroids
(imp) adipose tissue steroids
visceral estrone
mother molecule of corticosteroids (cortisol), androgens, estrogens
progesterone
progesterone derived from what
cholesterol
important carriers of steroids in hte body
lipoproteins (helped by apoprotein B)
(EXAM) step 1 of steroid synthesis
cytosolic cholesterol transferred in the mt by STAR PROTEIN (steroidogenic acute regulatory protein)
(EXAM) step 2 of steroid synthesis
mitochondrial cholesterol is made into pregnenolone by side chain cleavage enzyme (SCCE) DESMOLASE
(EXAM) step 3 of steroid synthesis. what happens to pregnenolone
becomes progesterone
(EXAM) step 4 of steroid synthesis
progesterone makes the 3 diff pathways.
(EXAM) pathway of progesterone to form sex hormones
- prog made into 17 alpha hydroxy prog by 17 alpha hydroxylase
- 17 ahp made into androstenedione
- androstenedione made into testo
- testo made into estradiol
(EXAM) pathway of progesterone to form cortisol (glucocorticoids)
- prog made into 17 ahp by 17 alpha hydroxylase
- 17 ahp made into 11-deoxycortisol by 21 alpha hydroxylase
- deoxycortisol made into cortisol by B1 isoform of 11 beta hydroxylase
(EXAM) pathway of progesterone to form aldosterone
- prog made into
(EXAM) pathway of progesterone to form aldosterone (mineralocorticoids)
- prog made into 11-deoxycorticosterone by 21 alpha hydroxylase
- 11-dcs made into corticosterone by B2 isoform of 11 beta hydroxylase
- corticosterone made into aldosterone by 18 hydroxylase
(EXAM) step 1 of transport and making of cholesterol in the cell from LDL-C
plasma LDL-C put into the cell and ACAT (acylcoenzyme A: cholesterol acetyltransferase) makes cholesterol ester from cholesterol
(EXAM) step 2 of transport and making of cholesterol in the cell from LDL-C
cholesterol ester is put in a vacuole with an enzyme cholesterole esterase ready to respond to ACTH
(EXAM) step 3 of transport and making of cholesterol in the cell from LDL-C
ACTH reaches adrenal, cholesterol ester of vacuole allows transport of cholesterol in mt via STAR protein
(EXAM) step 4 of transport and making of cholesterol in the cell from LDL-C
pregnenolone is made from cholesterol in the mt and put out in cytosol
(EXAM) step 5 of transport and making of cholesterol in the cell from LDL-C
pregnenolone out of the mt goes to the SER and is made into progesterone. steroid synthesis is completed in the SER
(EXAM) cortisol way in the cell if made in the SER
11-deoxycortisol of SER puts cortisol in the mt. then cortisol goes out of the mt
delta 3 pathway is what
ACTH driven pathway leading to mineralocorticoids (for the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (regulate BP) and glucocorticoids (to increase sugar and keep us alive)
delta 4 pathway is what
ACTH driven pathway leading to testosterone production in the adrenals
(imp) delta 3 vs delta 4 pathway
delta 3 = 2 pathways relying on 21-alpha-hydroxylase
delta 4 = relies on 17-alpha hydroxylase
consequence of 21 hydroxylase mutation
accumulation of sex steroids, leads to virilization in females
testo R is where + proteins carrying signal
nuclear. HSP carries the intracellular signal
example of how steroids can induce secondary hormones which mediate their effects
progesterone can make epith cells of placenta make CRH which can prod changes in the placenta
