Aug29 M2-Synthesis_Steroid_Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

(imp) adrenal cortex steroids

A

androgens, glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids

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2
Q

(imp) ovaries steroids

A

progesterone, androgens, estradiol

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3
Q

(imp) testes steroids

A

testosterone, estradiol

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4
Q

(imp) placental steroids

A

all steroids

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5
Q

(imp) adipose tissue steroids

A

visceral estrone

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6
Q

mother molecule of corticosteroids (cortisol), androgens, estrogens

A

progesterone

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7
Q

progesterone derived from what

A

cholesterol

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8
Q

important carriers of steroids in hte body

A

lipoproteins (helped by apoprotein B)

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9
Q

(EXAM) step 1 of steroid synthesis

A

cytosolic cholesterol transferred in the mt by STAR PROTEIN (steroidogenic acute regulatory protein)

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10
Q

(EXAM) step 2 of steroid synthesis

A

mitochondrial cholesterol is made into pregnenolone by side chain cleavage enzyme (SCCE) DESMOLASE

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11
Q

(EXAM) step 3 of steroid synthesis. what happens to pregnenolone

A

becomes progesterone

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12
Q

(EXAM) step 4 of steroid synthesis

A

progesterone makes the 3 diff pathways.

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13
Q

(EXAM) pathway of progesterone to form sex hormones

A
  1. prog made into 17 alpha hydroxy prog by 17 alpha hydroxylase
  2. 17 ahp made into androstenedione
  3. androstenedione made into testo
  4. testo made into estradiol
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14
Q

(EXAM) pathway of progesterone to form cortisol (glucocorticoids)

A
  1. prog made into 17 ahp by 17 alpha hydroxylase
  2. 17 ahp made into 11-deoxycortisol by 21 alpha hydroxylase
  3. deoxycortisol made into cortisol by B1 isoform of 11 beta hydroxylase
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15
Q

(EXAM) pathway of progesterone to form aldosterone

A
  1. prog made into
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16
Q

(EXAM) pathway of progesterone to form aldosterone (mineralocorticoids)

A
  1. prog made into 11-deoxycorticosterone by 21 alpha hydroxylase
  2. 11-dcs made into corticosterone by B2 isoform of 11 beta hydroxylase
  3. corticosterone made into aldosterone by 18 hydroxylase
17
Q

(EXAM) step 1 of transport and making of cholesterol in the cell from LDL-C

A

plasma LDL-C put into the cell and ACAT (acylcoenzyme A: cholesterol acetyltransferase) makes cholesterol ester from cholesterol

18
Q

(EXAM) step 2 of transport and making of cholesterol in the cell from LDL-C

A

cholesterol ester is put in a vacuole with an enzyme cholesterole esterase ready to respond to ACTH

19
Q

(EXAM) step 3 of transport and making of cholesterol in the cell from LDL-C

A

ACTH reaches adrenal, cholesterol ester of vacuole allows transport of cholesterol in mt via STAR protein

20
Q

(EXAM) step 4 of transport and making of cholesterol in the cell from LDL-C

A

pregnenolone is made from cholesterol in the mt and put out in cytosol

21
Q

(EXAM) step 5 of transport and making of cholesterol in the cell from LDL-C

A

pregnenolone out of the mt goes to the SER and is made into progesterone. steroid synthesis is completed in the SER

22
Q

(EXAM) cortisol way in the cell if made in the SER

A

11-deoxycortisol of SER puts cortisol in the mt. then cortisol goes out of the mt

23
Q

delta 3 pathway is what

A

ACTH driven pathway leading to mineralocorticoids (for the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (regulate BP) and glucocorticoids (to increase sugar and keep us alive)

24
Q

delta 4 pathway is what

A

ACTH driven pathway leading to testosterone production in the adrenals

25
Q

(imp) delta 3 vs delta 4 pathway

A

delta 3 = 2 pathways relying on 21-alpha-hydroxylase

delta 4 = relies on 17-alpha hydroxylase

26
Q

consequence of 21 hydroxylase mutation

A

accumulation of sex steroids, leads to virilization in females

27
Q

testo R is where + proteins carrying signal

A

nuclear. HSP carries the intracellular signal

28
Q

example of how steroids can induce secondary hormones which mediate their effects

A

progesterone can make epith cells of placenta make CRH which can prod changes in the placenta