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Bloc I - Reproduction > Aug30 M3-Pelvis_Anatomy_lecture_2 > Flashcards

Aug30 M3-Pelvis_Anatomy_lecture_2 Flashcards

1
Q

muscle that lines top of the perineum

A

levator ani

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2
Q

what’s below the sigmoid colon

A

rectum

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3
Q

rectum: parts that are intraperitoneal and parts that are retro

A

top = intraperitoneal

middle and bottom = retroperitoneal

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4
Q

bladder relations in male

A 
bottom = prostate and prostatic urethra
post = seminal vesicle
anterior = pubis
top = peritoneum
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5
Q

seminal vesicles relations in male

A 
top = colon
bottom = prostate
post = rectum
ant = bladder
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6
Q

prostate relations in male

A 
top = bladder
bottom = levator ani
post = rectum
ant = levator ani/pubis
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7
Q

uterus relations in female

A 
top = abdomen, colon, ovaries
bottom = cervix, vagina
ant = bladder
post = rectum
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8
Q

bladder relations in female

A 
ant = pubis
post = uterus
bottom = urethra
top = abdomen, colon
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9
Q

2 layers of muscle in rectum

A
  • inner circular
  • outer longitudinal
  • continuous with anal sphincter (big blob where levator ani joins
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10
Q

GI landmark of levator ani

A

anorectal junction or line

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11
Q

anal canal def

A

what’s below the anorectal line (line where levator ani joins the rectum to form the anal sphincter)

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12
Q

anal canal vs rectum

A
  • rectum smooth + has superior, middle and inferior transverse rectal folds (help for more abso surface + hold feces)
  • ampulla of the rectum = between inferior transverse rectal fold and anorectal junction
  • anal canal = insinuations
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13
Q

most medial part of levator ani

A

puborectalis m.

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14
Q

puborectalis m. O and I

A

O: pubic bone
I: wraps around the rectum and comes back to the pubis

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15
Q

puborectalis fct on rectum

A

kink to support fecal content

lose kink = incontinence

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16
Q

in the sagittal pelvis, only place where you see puborectalis

A

posterior to the rectum. (muscle appears cut in X section)

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17
Q

supply to superior rectal canal

A

superior rectal artery from IMA

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18
Q

supply to middle rectal canal

A

middle rectal artery from internal iliac a.

19
Q

supply to inferior rectal canal

A

inferior rectal a. from internal pudendal a which comes from internal iliac a

20
Q

location of the internal pudendal a (giving inf rectal a) + how reaches inf rectal canal

A

near ischial spine. goes out via greater sciatic foramen, then back it via lesser sciatic foramen in the perineum

21
Q

portal drainage of the rectum is where

A

superior rectal canal bc have superior rectal vein draining in IMV, which goes to splenic and superior mesenteric

22
Q

ureters charact

A
  • retroperitoneal
  • muscular ducts
  • 25-30 cm
23
Q

ureters relations

A
  • anterior 1 = gonadal vessels (test and ova a and v). over iliacus
  • posterior = bifurcation of the common iliac artery to enter the pelvis (to give external and internal iliac. aa), ureters cross over this bifurcation
  • anterior 2: vas deferens (in pelvis, near bladder)
24
Q

3 places where stones can get stuck in the ureter (sites of constriction)

A
  • kidney hilum (junction of ureters to renal pelvis)
  • pelvic brim (when ureters cross the pelvic inlet)
  • bladder entrance (when ureters pass through the bladder)
25
Q

shape of bladder

A
  • triangle
  • posterior = wall
  • anterior = apex (with the median umbilical ligament)
  • inferior = neck of bladder with two inferolateral surfaces
26
Q

urethra landmarks in female (male = prostatic, penile)

A

proximal and distal urethra

27
Q

(imp) muscle of bladder

A

detrusor muscle

28
Q

(imp) bladder landmarks

A
  • ureteric orifices (on both sides)
  • interureteric ridge
  • trigone (only area that is smooth mucosa rather than trabeculated transitional cell epith)
  • rugae
  • uvula (back wall bump over urethral orifice)
  • internal urethral orifice
29
Q

ligament holding bladder at the apex (anterior)

A

median umbilical ligament

30
Q

two sphincters for the urethra

A
  • internal urethral sphincter (involuntary = basal CONTRACTED tone)
  • external urethral sphincter (voluntary = NOT CONTRACTED all the time except when we contract it voluntarily)
31
Q

autonomic inn to internal urethral sphincter

A
  • PSS inhibits its tone + contracts the detrusol muscle for micturition
  • SS constricts the internal sphincter (all the time) + relaxes bladder wall + prevents semen from entering bladder during ejaculation
32
Q

when does PSS control of urethral sphincters override SS?

A

when bladder >300 mL urine AND we override our voluntary reflex of contracting the external urethral sphincter

33
Q

how semen gets to urethra

A

EDD, vas deferens (superificla inguinal ring, inguinal canal, deep inguinal ring, wraps around inferior epigastric a), duct of the ampulla, meets the duct of the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct, ejac duct enters prostatic urethra

34
Q

ampula of the vas def

A

widening of the vas when it reaches the back of the bladder

35
Q

two ducts that meet to form ejac duct

A
  • duct of the ampulla (of the vas)

- duct of the seminal vesicle

36
Q

vas relations

A
  • ant = bladder
  • post = rectum
  • medial = nothing (vas is the most medial)
  • lateral = seminal vesicles
37
Q

seminal vesicles fct and location

A
  • principal source of seminal fluid

- back bottom of bladder, between bladder and rectum

38
Q

on what part of the prostatic urethra does the ejac duct open

A

in the part that is near the prostatic utricle (part of the prostate that is a tiny vestigial developmental homologue of the uterus)

39
Q

base vs apex of prostate

A

is a triangle like bladde rso

  • base = top (where the bladder sits)
  • bottom = apex of the prostate (crosses through pelvix floor)
40
Q

prostatic urethra landmarks (5)

A
  • urethral crest (bump in middle of prostatic urethra, vertical)
  • prostatic sinus (gutter on each side of urethral crest)
  • prostatic ducts opening into the prostatic sinus (20-30 of them)
  • prostatic utricle (doughnut like bump in middle of prostatic urethra. hole not going anywhere)
  • ejaculatory ducts openings (two at bottom of prostatic utricle)
41
Q

prostatic utricle is what

A

male homologue of the female uterus and vagina (remnant of the embryonic uterovaginal canal)

42
Q

anatomical consequence of prostate tumor

A

get a bump in the rectum

43
Q

uvula position with respect to prostatic urethra landmarks

A

on top of urethral crest (is part of the bladder)

Bloc I - Reproduction (57 decks)

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