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Bloc I - Reproduction > Aug27 A1,2-Histo_Male_Reproductive_System > Flashcards

Aug27 A1,2-Histo_Male_Reproductive_System Flashcards

1
Q

duct system of testes

A

seminiferous tubules, rete testis, efferent ducts, epididymis, vas deferens

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2
Q

accessory glands of reprod system in males

A
  • seminal vesicles
  • prostate
  • bulbourethral gland
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3
Q

functions of androgens (testo)

A
  1. initiate and maintain sperm prod
  2. *dev of male fetus
  3. dev of accessory organs and secondary sex charact
  4. secretions of the accessory glands
    * testo made by Leydig cells*
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4
Q

tunica albuginia def in testes

A

tough layer of CT rich in collagen fibers right under the tunica vaginalis (vaginalis is most exterior). separates testis in parts

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5
Q

seminiferous tubules def

A

tubules with 2 ends, one ends in rete testis lumen.

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6
Q

ductuli efferentes vs epididymis

A

ductuli = many ducts. EDD = one duct + very coiled

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7
Q

epididymis vs vas

A

vas less coiled and larger

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8
Q

what surrounds the STs

A

stroma (interstitium) with interstitial (Leydig) cells + blood vessels and lymphatics + fibrocytes (CT cells) + macrophages

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9
Q

Leydig cells fct

A

make testo

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10
Q

Leydig cells charact

A
  • polygonal or small ovoid
  • small round central very blue nuclei
  • highly acidophilic cytoplasm
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11
Q

EM profile of a steroid secreting cell (like Leydig)

A
  • lot of mts in cyto
  • many small profile membranes (the SER)
  • bit of RER
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12
Q

what surrounds the STs (outermost layer)

A

limiting membrane formed of myoid (peritubular) cells

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13
Q

myoid cell fct

A

persistaltic mvmt allows movement of the immotile sperm to the rete testis

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14
Q

spermatogonia def

A

youngest generation of spermatogenic cells (bottom) in ST

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15
Q

other cell type near spermatogonia in bottom

A

early spermatocytes

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16
Q

cell after early spermatocytes found in middle layer of ST

A

primary spermatocytes (most abundant = Pachytene, 2ndary is transient)

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17
Q

upper layer of ST

A
  • early round spermatids

- late elongated spermatids

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18
Q

diff vs early and late spermatid

A

late emptied pieces of cytoplasm (residual bodies) which are later phagocytosed by Sertoli cells

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19
Q

Sertoli cells charact

A
  • somatic cells in seminiferous epith, extend base to top.
  • have lateral extensions joining adjacent cells. tight junctions seal and form a base.
  • small recesses acommodate all the cells in luminal compt (primary (pachytene), early, late)
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20
Q

spermatogonia + early spermatocytes + Sertoli cells thing in common

A

rest on BM. outside of BM have the myoid cells

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21
Q

two compt of seminiferous epith

A

luminal = above tight junctions of Sertoli cells

basal compt = below

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22
Q

chromatid of Sertoli cells charact

A

light colour

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23
Q

how Sertoli cells eat residual bodies

A
  • internalize to form phagosomes
  • fuse with lysosomes with hydrolytic enzymes
  • nutrients passed to new spermatocytes
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24
Q

Sertoli cells fcts (7)

A
  1. supportive (structural)
  2. nurse cell (biochemical support)
  3. blood testis barrier (tight junctions)
  4. secrete luminal fluids in the ST (proteases + transport proteins)
  5. secrete hormones and factors
  6. endocytic and phagocytic function
  7. lift the early spermatocytes from basal to luminal compt
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25
Q

transport proteins sertoli cells secrete

A
  • ABP (androgen binding prot)
  • transferrin
  • apolipoprotein J
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26
Q

hormones and factors S cells secrete

A
  • Inhibin (suppresses FSH)

- AMH (anti-Muellerian hormone): promotes regression of Muellerian ducts

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27
Q

S cells in H and E

A
  • light chromatid

- prominent nucleolu

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28
Q

rete testis def

A

anastomosed channels with simple cuboidal epith with NO myoid cells surrounding. surrounded CT cells, enclosed by tunica albuginia

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29
Q

ductuli efferentes def

A
  • connect rete testis to epididymis

- ARE PART OF EDD

30
Q

ductuli efferentes histo

A
  • lined by simple columnar epith
  • festooned appearance
  • ciliated (columnar) and non ciliated (columnar) cells
31
Q

DE ciliated cells fct

A

cilia to push sperm

32
Q

DE non ciliated cells fct

A

highly endocytic cells, absorb fluid and material

33
Q

EDD histo

A
  • single supercoiled tubule
  • pseudostratified columnar epith (basal and columnar cells)
  • stereocilia (long microvilli not moving) on columnar cells
  • myoid cells surround EDD
  • SM surrounds also
  • constant LUMEN diameter
  • increasing thickness
  • head, body and tail
34
Q

EDD function

A

sperm maturation (head = immotile. tail = competent)

35
Q

other name to SM surrounding EDD

A

tunica muscularis

36
Q

vas deferens histo

A
  • pseudostratified epith like in EDD
  • myoid cells
  • SM (tunica muscularis) in longitudinal and circular orientation
37
Q

vas deferens goes where

A

joins seminal vesicle to form ejaculatory duct

38
Q

ejaculatory duct goes where

A

prostatic urethra

39
Q

penile urethra travels in what structure

A

corpus spongiosum

and two corpus cavernosum around

40
Q

what surrounds the corpora cavernosa in the penis

A

tunica albuginia (not related to testes)

41
Q

artery travelling in each corpus cavernosum

A

deep a

42
Q

vessel found in dorsal part of penis

A

superficial dorsal vein

43
Q

tube found in ventral part of penis

A

urethra with surrounding corpus spongiosum

44
Q

structure of corpus cavernosum (erectile tissue)

A

smooth muscle and endothelium

45
Q

regulation of SM in corpus cavernosum

A

SS makes it contract (tonicity), smaller volume

PSS makes SM relax (during erection) + inhibits SS impulses to the penis

46
Q

Peyronie’s disease def

A

bending of penis bc of orientation and character of the collagen in the tunica albuinigia

47
Q

start and end cell of spermatogenesis (SG)

A
  • non diff spermatogonial stem cell

- highly specialized motile spermatozoa

48
Q

BM where in ST

A

between epith and myoid cells

49
Q

number of layers in ST epith

A

4-6 layers, each is a generation of cells, grouped in 3 main phases

50
Q

base cells in ST epith

A
  • spermatogonia (3 types)

- early spermatocytes

51
Q

3 types of spermatogonia

A
  • type A dark (Ad) (dark nucleus)
  • type A pale (Ap) (paler chromatin)
  • type B spermatogonia (reticulate chromatin)
52
Q

spermatogonia generations

A

Ap gives B and B gives early spermatocytes

53
Q

Ad spermatogonia fct

A

resting arrested state. reserve to repopulate the other spermatogonia if radiation or wtv destroys cells

54
Q

what happens to early spermtocytes in the base

A

lifted up by Sertoli cells in luminal compt

55
Q

what happens to early spermatocytes in the middle compt

A

transform into primary spermatocytes (Pachytene type is the most common type of primary spermatocytes)

56
Q

what happens to Pachytene spermatocytes (primary)

A

undergo two meiotic divisions.

after the SECOND one, you get early round spermatids

57
Q

what happens to early round spermatids

A

metamorphose into late elongated spermatids (spermatozoa)

58
Q

secondary spermatocyte def

A

come after primary spermatocytes but are very transient

59
Q

Ap does what

A

active stem cell dividing ASYMMETRICALLY by MITOSIS.

60
Q

daughter cells of Ap

A
  • more mature B spermatogonia

- more immature type Ap spermatogonia

61
Q

Ap, Ad and B spermatogonia stem cell or not

A

Ad yes
Ap yes
B no

62
Q

B spermatogonia result of mitosis

A

gives TWO EARLY SPERMATOCYTES (pre-leptotene) in the basal compt

63
Q

what happens to pre-leptotene (early) spermatocytes

A
  • shifted up by S cells

- become leptotene then zygotene then pachytene

64
Q

what happens to pachytene spermatocytes

A

become late pachytene spermatocytes (step 1 of meiosis where lot of recombination happens) + reduction at meiosis nbr of chromosomes reduced in 2

65
Q

what comes after late pachytene spermatocyte

A

early round spermatid (result of 2nd meiotic div)

66
Q

spermiogenesis def

A

step from round early to late mature spermatozoa

67
Q

3 phases of spermiogenesis

A
  • Golgi
  • acrosomal
  • maturation
68
Q

how is chromatin condensed in elongated late spermatids

A

histones are replaced by protamine

69
Q

characteristics of spermatogenesis

A
  • duration of steps and total duration are fixed and constant and species specific
  • stem cells enter spermatogenesis at a regular interval (16 days in man)
  • stem cells enter spermatogenesis in groups and the cells of the group are connected by IC bridges (this is true for all daughter cells and derivatives: spermatocytes, spermatids, until end of spermatogenesis)
  • 4-5 gens of cells in the seminf epith
  • sensitive to toxic factors (temperature as in cryptorchidism and chemicals)
70
Q

name for one group of cells at one stage of dev in spermatogenesis

A

one generation of germinal cells

71
Q

androgens act how in spermatogenesis

A
  • produced by Leydig cells
  • allow Sertoli cells to maintain their function but DON’T act on germ cells (ANDROGEN R ONLY ON SERTOLI CELLS)
  • germ cells dev bc Sertoli cells are working

Bloc I - Reproduction (57 decks)

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