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Bloc I - Reproduction > Aug27 A1,2-Histo_Male_Reproductive_System > Flashcards

Aug27 A1,2-Histo_Male_Reproductive_System Flashcards

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1
Q

duct system of testes

A

seminiferous tubules, rete testis, efferent ducts, epididymis, vas deferens

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2
Q

accessory glands of reprod system in males

A
  • seminal vesicles
  • prostate
  • bulbourethral gland
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3
Q

functions of androgens (testo)

A
  1. initiate and maintain sperm prod
  2. *dev of male fetus
  3. dev of accessory organs and secondary sex charact
  4. secretions of the accessory glands
    * testo made by Leydig cells*
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4
Q

tunica albuginia def in testes

A

tough layer of CT rich in collagen fibers right under the tunica vaginalis (vaginalis is most exterior). separates testis in parts

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5
Q

seminiferous tubules def

A

tubules with 2 ends, one ends in rete testis lumen.

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6
Q

ductuli efferentes vs epididymis

A

ductuli = many ducts. EDD = one duct + very coiled

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7
Q

epididymis vs vas

A

vas less coiled and larger

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8
Q

what surrounds the STs

A

stroma (interstitium) with interstitial (Leydig) cells + blood vessels and lymphatics + fibrocytes (CT cells) + macrophages

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9
Q

Leydig cells fct

A

make testo

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10
Q

Leydig cells charact

A
  • polygonal or small ovoid
  • small round central very blue nuclei
  • highly acidophilic cytoplasm
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11
Q

EM profile of a steroid secreting cell (like Leydig)

A
  • lot of mts in cyto
  • many small profile membranes (the SER)
  • bit of RER
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12
Q

what surrounds the STs (outermost layer)

A

limiting membrane formed of myoid (peritubular) cells

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13
Q

myoid cell fct

A

persistaltic mvmt allows movement of the immotile sperm to the rete testis

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14
Q

spermatogonia def

A

youngest generation of spermatogenic cells (bottom) in ST

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15
Q

other cell type near spermatogonia in bottom

A

early spermatocytes

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16
Q

cell after early spermatocytes found in middle layer of ST

A

primary spermatocytes (most abundant = Pachytene, 2ndary is transient)

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17
Q

upper layer of ST

A
  • early round spermatids

- late elongated spermatids

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18
Q

diff vs early and late spermatid

A

late emptied pieces of cytoplasm (residual bodies) which are later phagocytosed by Sertoli cells

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19
Q

Sertoli cells charact

A
  • somatic cells in seminiferous epith, extend base to top.
  • have lateral extensions joining adjacent cells. tight junctions seal and form a base.
  • small recesses acommodate all the cells in luminal compt (primary (pachytene), early, late)
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20
Q

spermatogonia + early spermatocytes + Sertoli cells thing in common

A

rest on BM. outside of BM have the myoid cells

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21
Q

two compt of seminiferous epith

A

luminal = above tight junctions of Sertoli cells

basal compt = below

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22
Q

chromatid of Sertoli cells charact

A

light colour

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23
Q

how Sertoli cells eat residual bodies

A
  • internalize to form phagosomes
  • fuse with lysosomes with hydrolytic enzymes
  • nutrients passed to new spermatocytes
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24
Q

Sertoli cells fcts (7)

A
  1. supportive (structural)
  2. nurse cell (biochemical support)
  3. blood testis barrier (tight junctions)
  4. secrete luminal fluids in the ST (proteases + transport proteins)
  5. secrete hormones and factors
  6. endocytic and phagocytic function
  7. lift the early spermatocytes from basal to luminal compt
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25
transport proteins sertoli cells secrete
- ABP (androgen binding prot) - transferrin - apolipoprotein J
26
hormones and factors S cells secrete
- Inhibin (suppresses FSH) | - AMH (anti-Muellerian hormone): promotes regression of Muellerian ducts
27
S cells in H and E
- light chromatid | - prominent nucleolu
28
rete testis def
anastomosed channels with simple cuboidal epith with NO myoid cells surrounding. surrounded CT cells, enclosed by tunica albuginia
29
ductuli efferentes def
- connect rete testis to epididymis | - ARE PART OF EDD
30
ductuli efferentes histo
- lined by simple columnar epith - festooned appearance - ciliated (columnar) and non ciliated (columnar) cells
31
DE ciliated cells fct
cilia to push sperm
32
DE non ciliated cells fct
highly endocytic cells, absorb fluid and material
33
EDD histo
- single supercoiled tubule - pseudostratified columnar epith (basal and columnar cells) - stereocilia (long microvilli not moving) on columnar cells - myoid cells surround EDD - SM surrounds also - constant LUMEN diameter - increasing thickness - head, body and tail
34
EDD function
sperm maturation (head = immotile. tail = competent)
35
other name to SM surrounding EDD
tunica muscularis
36
vas deferens histo
- pseudostratified epith like in EDD - myoid cells - SM (tunica muscularis) in longitudinal and circular orientation
37
vas deferens goes where
joins seminal vesicle to form ejaculatory duct
38
ejaculatory duct goes where
prostatic urethra
39
penile urethra travels in what structure
corpus spongiosum | and two corpus cavernosum around
40
what surrounds the corpora cavernosa in the penis
tunica albuginia (not related to testes)
41
artery travelling in each corpus cavernosum
deep a
42
vessel found in dorsal part of penis
superficial dorsal vein
43
tube found in ventral part of penis
urethra with surrounding corpus spongiosum
44
structure of corpus cavernosum (erectile tissue)
smooth muscle and endothelium
45
regulation of SM in corpus cavernosum
SS makes it contract (tonicity), smaller volume | PSS makes SM relax (during erection) + inhibits SS impulses to the penis
46
Peyronie's disease def
bending of penis bc of orientation and character of the collagen in the tunica albuinigia
47
start and end cell of spermatogenesis (SG)
- non diff spermatogonial stem cell | - highly specialized motile spermatozoa
48
BM where in ST
between epith and myoid cells
49
number of layers in ST epith
4-6 layers, each is a generation of cells, grouped in 3 main phases
50
base cells in ST epith
- spermatogonia (3 types) | - early spermatocytes
51
3 types of spermatogonia
- type A dark (Ad) (dark nucleus) - type A pale (Ap) (paler chromatin) - type B spermatogonia (reticulate chromatin)
52
spermatogonia generations
Ap gives B and B gives early spermatocytes
53
Ad spermatogonia fct
resting arrested state. reserve to repopulate the other spermatogonia if radiation or wtv destroys cells
54
what happens to early spermtocytes in the base
lifted up by Sertoli cells in luminal compt
55
what happens to early spermatocytes in the middle compt
transform into primary spermatocytes (Pachytene type is the most common type of primary spermatocytes)
56
what happens to Pachytene spermatocytes (primary)
undergo two meiotic divisions. | after the SECOND one, you get early round spermatids
57
what happens to early round spermatids
metamorphose into late elongated spermatids (spermatozoa)
58
secondary spermatocyte def
come after primary spermatocytes but are very transient
59
Ap does what
active stem cell dividing ASYMMETRICALLY by MITOSIS.
60
daughter cells of Ap
- more mature B spermatogonia | - more immature type Ap spermatogonia
61
Ap, Ad and B spermatogonia stem cell or not
Ad yes Ap yes B no
62
B spermatogonia result of mitosis
gives TWO EARLY SPERMATOCYTES (pre-leptotene) in the basal compt
63
what happens to pre-leptotene (early) spermatocytes
- shifted up by S cells | - become leptotene then zygotene then pachytene
64
what happens to pachytene spermatocytes
become late pachytene spermatocytes (step 1 of meiosis where lot of recombination happens) + reduction at meiosis nbr of chromosomes reduced in 2
65
what comes after late pachytene spermatocyte
early round spermatid (result of 2nd meiotic div)
66
spermiogenesis def
step from round early to late mature spermatozoa
67
3 phases of spermiogenesis
- Golgi - acrosomal - maturation
68
how is chromatin condensed in elongated late spermatids
histones are replaced by protamine
69
characteristics of spermatogenesis
- duration of steps and total duration are fixed and constant and species specific - stem cells enter spermatogenesis at a regular interval (16 days in man) - stem cells enter spermatogenesis in groups and the cells of the group are connected by IC bridges (this is true for all daughter cells and derivatives: spermatocytes, spermatids, until end of spermatogenesis) - 4-5 gens of cells in the seminf epith - sensitive to toxic factors (temperature as in cryptorchidism and chemicals)
70
name for one group of cells at one stage of dev in spermatogenesis
one generation of germinal cells
71
androgens act how in spermatogenesis
- produced by Leydig cells - allow Sertoli cells to maintain their function but DON'T act on germ cells (*ANDROGEN R ONLY ON SERTOLI CELLS*) - germ cells dev bc Sertoli cells are working

Bloc I - Reproduction (57 decks)

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