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Bio 252 > Sept. 23, 2019 > Flashcards

Sept. 23, 2019 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define NEOPLASIA

A

A process whereby new CELLS are formed

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2
Q

Are the CELLS formed during NEOPLASIA normal CELLS?

A

No, they are made through accelerated growth rates, something which almost always results in abn CELLS d/t lack of regulation during accelerated growth

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3
Q

What is a NEOPLASM?

A

a TUMOR, the result of NEOPLASIA, and abn mass of tissues/CELLS

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4
Q

Characterisitics of a MALIGNANT (CA) TUMOR?

A
  • Rapid, disorderly growth
  • need space
  • mutated GENES
  • CELLS undiff
  • invasive, damaging, irreversible
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5
Q

What regulates CELL division and growth?

A

GENES

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6
Q

How do CA TUMORS make space for themselves to further expand growth?

A

They secrete ENZYMES into the surrounding tissue

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7
Q

Characteristics of a BENIGN TUMOR?

A
  • Rapid growth, but less rapid than CA
  • May be encapsulated
  • non invasive
  • differentiated CELLS
  • May stop
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8
Q

What do GENES code for?

A

They code for PROTEINS

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9
Q

Can GENES actually carry out any of the actions they code for?

A

No, the PROTEINS are responsible for carrying out the actions intended by the GENES

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10
Q

What is the TP53 GENE responsible for?

A

APOPTOSIS if DNA is damaged, mutated in 50% of CA cases

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11
Q

What is the DNA repair GENE responsible for?

A

Repairing defective DNA, a primary target for CA

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12
Q

What is the PROTO-ONCOGENES (GO-GENE) responsible for?

A

Triggers CELL differentiation, promotes growth. Mutation results in excessive growth

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13
Q

What is the TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES (STOP GENE) responsible for?

A

Inhibit CELL growth. mutation results in excessive growth

e.g. TP53

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14
Q

What is the ONCOGENE responsible for?

A

These are GENES that cause CA, can be any GENE

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15
Q

A BENIGN TUMOR will usually end with what suffix?

A

OMA

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16
Q

A MALIGNANT TUMOR will end with the suffix _________ if it is of EPITHELIAL origin

A

CARCINOMA

17
Q

A MALIGNANT TUMOR will end with the suffix _________ if it is of MESENCHYMAL origin

A

SARCOMA

18
Q

What is an example of MESENCHYMAL tissue?

A

MESENCHYME is embrionic tissue, not found in adults, but it gives rise to all tissues in the body that are NON-EPITHELIAL

19
Q

What would ADENOMA indicate?

A

“ADEN” indicates GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM, “OMA” indicates BENIGN, therefore this is a BENIGN TUMOR in GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM

20
Q

What would ADENOCARCINOMA indicate?

A

“ADEN” indicates GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM, “CARCINOMA” indicates MALIGNANT TUMOR in EPITHELIAL tissue, therefore this is CA of GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM

21
Q

Approximately how fast do TUMORS grow?

A

They approximately double in size every 120 days, take roughly 10 yrs before clinically detectable

22
Q

What happens locally during the spreading of a TUMOR?

A

Invasion and extension (making room)

23
Q

What is SEEDING? Where does it typically take place? Is this a local process?

A

SEEDING is a method by which CA CELLS spread to different parts of the body. Typically takes place in body cavities. This is not a local process.

24
Q

Define METASTASIS

A

The development of secondary malignant growths at a distance from a primary site of cancer.

25
Q

Where is the most common secondary site for METASTASIS to occur?

A

LYMPHATIC TISSUE

26
Q

What are 5 other common secondary sites that METASTASIS generally occurs?

A

1) BONES
2) LIVER
3) LUNGS
4) BRAIN

27
Q

What makes a site ideal for METASTASIS?

A

If it is relatively large and is richly PERFUSED

28
Q

What happens during the 1st step in METASTASIS?

A
  • Local growth and extension
  • Will make contact w B and LYMPH
  • Invades local tissue w ENZYMES
  • EMBOLI (small groups of CELLS) enter B or LYMPH
  • Less than 10,000 CELLS survive d/t IR and small numbers of CELLS
29
Q

What happens during the 2nd step in METASTASIS?

A
  • Passage via B or LYMPH
  • Reach area of resistance
  • Attach and proliferate at 2nd site aided by CYTOKINES and GFs
30
Q

What happens during the 3rd step in METASTASIS?

A
  • Determined suitable site
  • Begin to proliferate and grow
  • Angiogenesis

Bio 252 (24 decks)

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