Nov. 18, 2019

Question 1

What is a GOITER and in what situations is it commonly found?

Answer 1

A GOITER is an enlarged THYROID. This can occur as a result of THYROID dysfx

Question 2

Does a GOITER indicate hyper or hypo secretion?

Answer 2

It can happen with either

Question 3

What could indicate a TOXIC GOITER?

Answer 3

If the gland is nodular (lumps and bumps)

Question 4

Does a TOXIC GOITER indicate hyper or hypo secretion?

Answer 4

Hyper

Question 5

Is an ENDEMIC GOITER a result of hypertrophy or hyperplasia?

Answer 5

Could be either or a mix of both, but most commonly it is hyperplasia

Question 6

What kind of dietary deficiency results in ENDEMIC GOITER?

Answer 6

Iodine deficiency

Question 7

How is iodine used by the THYROID?

Answer 7

The iodine is absorbed by THYROID cells and combined w the amino acid tyrosine to make T3/T4 hormones

Question 8

Why does a dietary deficiency of Iodine affect T3/T4

Answer 8

This causes a dec in t3/T4 because iodine is needed to make them

Question 9

How does a dietary deficiency of Iodine affect TSH?

Answer 9

Because if there is no T3/T4, there is nothing to cause the inhib of TSH, resulting in an inc of TSH

Question 10

What is the most common form of HYPERTHYROIDISM?

Answer 10

GRAVE’S disease, accounts for about 80-90% of HYPERTHY cases

Question 11

What population is usually affected by GRAVE’S?

Answer 11

Young women (20s-30s)

Question 12

What are the 3 hallmarks of GRAVE’S?

Answer 12

1) HYPERTHY
2) GOITER
3) EXOPHTHALMOS

Question 13

What is EXOPHTHALMOS?

Answer 13

The eyeballs popping out abnormally

Question 14

How are TSI (aka TSAb) hormones involved in GRAVE’S?

Answer 14

TSI bind to TSH receptors on the THYROID and block TSH. Then TSI mimic TSH and stim T3/T4. T3/T4 inhib TSH. TSI is not affected by enzymes that get rid of TSH, therefore is remains active.

Question 15

Is THYROTOXOSIS life-threatening?

Answer 15

Only if HYPERTHY is left untx or undx

Question 16

THYROTOXOSIS is precipitated by ______. Give a few examples of this.

Answer 16

Stress

eg. resp infct or DKA

Question 17

T or F:

In THYROTOXOSIS, there is an inc/alt metb

Answer 17

T

Question 18

Why are people w THYROTOXO unable to tolerate heat?

Answer 18

Because there is already a large inc in their body heat r/t inced metb, so any extra heat is not tolerated

Question 19

Is there lipid and protein catabolism or anabolism w THYROTOXO?

Answer 19

Catab

Question 20

What effect does THYROTOXO have on O2 demand? Why?

Answer 20

Inced O2 demand to reach metb demands

Question 21

What effect does THYROTOXO have on HR and CO? Why?

Answer 21

Inced HR and CO because there is an inced demend for waste removal d/t inced metb, therefor more perf is needed

Question 22

Whta are 3 cardiovasc complocations of THYROTOXO?

Answer 22

1) Angina
2) Tachycardia
3) CHF

Question 23

What are 4 CNS complications of THYROTOXO?

Answer 23

1) Delirium
2) Agitation
3) Irritability
4) Insomnia

Question 24

What is the Tx of GRAVE’S?

Answer 24

• 1st line: Drugs yayyy! eg Tapazole
• Radioiodine (emits radiation to kill cells)
• Sx (to remove sections, make smaller)